Friday Factly 10 December 2021

GENERAL STUDIES 1

Gender Violence

The latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) data for India indicates that 29 per cent of the ever-married women reported experiencing spousal violence – a slight decrease from the 31 per cent reported in NFHS-4

GENERAL STUDIES 2

Nutrition:

The National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 shows negligible gains in nutritional outcomes among under-five children

GENERAL STUDIES 3

Millets:

• Dryland agriculture that has occupied 68 per cent of the area under cultivation and produced 44 per cent of food requirements.
• Sorghum, pearl millets, and a range of small millets can thrive in varying agro-climatic regions.
• The millets market globally is estimated at $9 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $12.5 billion. India is the largest consumer and accounts for 38 per cent of global demand.
• FAO data reveals that in India, millets’ area under cultivation has averaged at 108 lakh hectares and reported a dispersion of 27 lakh hectares between 2000 and 2019. The average production is estimated at 111 lakh tonnes showing a dispersion of 29 lakh tonnes with average productivity of 1,041 kg a hectare in the corresponding period. Further analysis shows that millets area under production has a negative 2.25 per cent Compounded Annual Growth Rate between 2000 and 2019, while production CAGR is only 0.08 per cent.
• However, the productivity exhibits a positive 2.38 per cent CAGR.
• ICRISAT reported that between 1962 and 2010, India’s per capita consumption of millets fell significantly from 32.9 kg to 4.2 kg per year.

Seeds

• The private sector now accounts for 65 per cent of seed production in India. The seed sector is also a large one, with more than 540 registered seed companies operating in India, according to the Department of Agriculture,
• Cooperation and Farmers Welfare
• The geospatial economy, which is currently valued at ₹38,972 crore, has potential to grow to ₹63,100 crore with a growth rate of 12.8 per cent by 2025.

Health

• The National Health Accounts (NHA) report for 2017-18 is being celebrated widely as it shows that total public spending on health as a percentage of GDP has increased to a historic high of 1.35% of GDP, finally breaking through the 1%-1.2% mark of GDP. Out-of-pocket expenditure as a share of total health expenditure has come down to less than 50%.

Plastic waste:

India generates about 3.4 million tonnes of plastic waste annually, according to official estimates.

Solid waste management

• As per the SBM 2.0 guidelines, the total quantity of waste generated by urban areas in India is about 1.32 lakh tonnes daily. This adds up to 4.8 crore tonnes per annum. Of this only about 25% is being processed; the rest is disposed of in landfills every year.
• Given that the waste dumpsites have been operational since the early 2000s, more than 72 crore tonnes of waste need to be processed

Climate Change

• Ninety per cent of the world committed to a net carbon zero target; 23 countries agreed to stop financing fossil fuels by the end of 2022; 100 countries committed to end deforestation.
• Current level of carbon emissions: 59 GT
• Electrification of transport (6 GT; battery technology); decarbonisation of the grid (21 GT; 50 per cent of electricity from solar and wind; no new oil and gas plants after 2021; retirement of thermal power); fix food (7 GT; no nitrogen based fertilizers; contain methane/nitrous oxide emissions from rice farming); protect nature (7 GT; net zero deforestation and elimination of deep sea trawling); clean up industry (8 GT; reduce carbon intensity in cement / steel / aluminum); remove carbon (10 GT; nature-based and engineering solutions).