Friday Factly 24 September 2021

General Studies – 1

In India, the urban population amounts to 461 million people. This number is growing by 2.3 per cent each year. By 2031, 75 per cent of India’s national income is estimated to come from cities.
Providing the necessary urban infrastructure is a big challenge: 70 to 80 per cent of the infrastructure that will be needed by 2050 has not been built yet, and the estimated investment gap amounts to approximately 827 billion US dollars.

42^nd Constitution Amendment: Through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 five subjects were transferred from State to Concurrent List. They are

An average so-called agricultural household earned a total monthly income of Rs 10,218 during 2018-19 (July-June), of which net receipts from crop production (Rs 3,798) and farming of animals (Rs 1,582) together contributed hardly 53 per cent.
The single-largest income source was actually wages/salary, at Rs 4,063. The average farmer, in other words, was more a wage labourer than a seller of produce from his/her land.
Out of the country’s estimated 93.09 million agricultural households, over 70 per cent possessed less than one hectare land. It shouldn’t surprise, then, that wages generate up to 60 per cent of their incomes. But the share of agriculture — crop production plus animal husbandry — to total income was higher (about 62 per cent) for households with 1-2 hectares land, rising further to 73, 82 and 91 per cent for those having 2-4, 4-10 and above 10 hectares, respectively.

The Ministry of Food Processing Industries shows that the contribution of agricultural and processed food products in India’s total exports is 11%.From 2015-16 to 2019-20, the value of agricultural and processed food increased significantly from $17.8bn to $20.65bn.
In 2020-21, India exported 13.09 million tonnes of non-basmati rice ($4.8bn), up from an average 6.9 million tonnes ($2.7bn) in the previous five years.

Two in every three children between six months and two years didn’t get the nutritious diet needed for healthy growth, according to a new report.

Air pollution is the world’s fourth leading cause of death, contributing to about 13 premature deaths every minute
According to World Bank estimates lowering the health burden associated with air pollution exposure like this could save US$5 trillion annually in health related costs and $225 billion in labor productivity.

According to a report by Central Pollution Control Board of India, for the year 2018-2019, 3.3 million metric tonnes of plastic waste are generated by Indians.
79% of the total plastic waste produced in the world enters the environment. Only 9% of all plastic waste is recycled

According to the International Energy Agency’s India Energy Outlook 2021, coal accounts for close to 70% of electricity generation