Not possible to accurate data to illegal migrants center to SC

Subject : Polity

Section: Constitution

Context: Supreme Court is hearing petitions challenging the constitutional validity of Section 6A

More about the news:

The Indian government informed the Supreme Court that the entry of illegal immigrants into the country is clandestine and surreptitious, making it impossible to gather accurate data on their numbers.
Responding to the court’s direction seeking details on the estimated inflow of illegal migrants to Assam and other northeastern states after March 25, 1971, the government stated that between 2017 and 2022, 14,346 foreigners were deported due to reasons such as overstay, visa violation, and illegal entry.
The affidavit also mentioned the challenges and delays in border fencing, particularly in West Bengal, due to land acquisition issues and non-cooperation from the state government.
The matter is scheduled for a hearing in the Supreme Court on Tuesday.

What is Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955:

Section 6A is a special provision inserted into the 1955 Act in furtherance of a Memorandum of Settlement called the ‘Assam Accord’ signed on August 15, 1985 by the then Rajiv Gandhi government with the leaders of the Assam Movement to preserve and protect the Assamese culture, heritage, linguistic and social identity.
Under Section 6A, foreigners who had entered Assam before January 1, 1966, and been “ordinarily resident” in the State, would have all the rights and obligations of Indian citizens. Those who had entered the State between January 1, 1966 and March 25, 1971 would have the same rights and obligations except that they would not be able to vote for 10 years.

What was Assam accord:

The Assam Accord was signed in 1985 between the Union government and the All Assam Students’ Union at the end of a 6-year-long agitation against the influx of migrants from Bangladesh into the state.
It determines who is a foreigner in the state of Assam.
Clause 5 of the Assam Accord states that January 1, 1966 shall serve as the base cut-off date for the detection and deletion of “foreigners”.
But it also contains provisions for the regularization of those who arrived in the state after that date and up till March 24, 1971.

Some facts about National Register of Citizens (NRC)

National Register of Citizens, 1951 is a register prepared after the conduct of the Census of 1951 in respect of each village, showing the houses or holdings in a serial order and indicating against each house or holding the number and names of persons staying therein.
The NRC was published only once in 1951 and since then, it has not been updated until 2019.
The NRC of 1951 and the Electoral Roll of 1971 (up to midnight of 24 March 1971) are together called Legacy Data. Persons and their descendants whose names appeared in these documents are certified as Indian citizens.