Genetic profiling of captive jumbos of Kerala to begin soon

Genetic profiling of captive jumbos of Kerala to begin soon

Subject: Environment

Section: Species in news

Introduction

The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is set to initiate genetic profiling for the approximately 400 captive elephants in Kerala. This initiative, aimed at incorporating the details of these elephants into a national database, signifies a pioneering effort in the conservation and management of captive elephants.

Details of the Initiative

• Objective: The project is designed to create a comprehensive database that includes photographs, physical details (such as height), and genetic features of each captive elephant in Kerala.
• Implementation: Assistant conservators (social forestry) across districts have been tasked with collecting blood and dung samples. The Kerala Forest Department, equipped with forensic kits provided by the WII, will spearhead this effort
• Training and Timeline: An online training session for forest officials on sample collection and reporting is scheduled for April 5 and 6. The actual sample collection is expected to commence in the second week of April, coinciding with Kerala’s temple festival season, a period of heightened activity involving captive elephants.

Context and Significance

• Current Status: Kerala, previously known for having the largest population of captive elephants, now records about 25 elephant deaths annually, reducing the captive population to 407.
• National Perspective: With an estimated 3,000 captive elephants across India, similar profiling has been completed in several states. The data collected will be accessible through “Gaja Suchana,” a mobile application developed by the WII, facilitating monitoring of elephant transfers and welfare.
• Regulatory Framework: The initiative aligns with the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change‘s efforts to regulate the transfer of elephants and ensure their welfare, highlighted by the recent introduction of the Captive Elephant (Transfer or Transport) Rules, 2024.
• Previous Efforts: Notably, in 2019, the Kerala Forest Department undertook DNA profiling of elephants with the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram supporting it, marking an initial step towards scientific management of captive elephants.

Implications

• For Conservation: This profiling is a crucial step towards enhancing the welfare of captive elephants and combating illegal transfers, offering a methodical approach to monitoring and management.
• For Research and Policy: The data generated will provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity and health of captive elephants, informing future conservation strategies and policies.

Conclusion

The genetic profiling of captive elephants in Kerala by the Wildlife Institute of India represents a significant advancement in elephant conservation efforts. By integrating modern scientific techniques with traditional practices, it aims to ensure the health, welfare, and sustainable management of these majestic animals, embodying Kerala’s rich cultural heritage.