AAP gets tag: How a ‘national party’ is defined

AAP gets tag: How a ‘national party’ is defined

Subject: Polity

Section: Elections

What is a national party?

• As the name suggests, a national party has a presence ‘nationally’, as opposed to a regional party whose presence is restricted to only a particular state or region.
• A certain stature is sometimes associated with being a national party, but this does not necessarily translate into having a lot of national political clout. Some parties, despite being dominant in a major state — such as the DMK in Tamil Nadu, BJD in Odisha, YSRCP in Andhra Pradesh, RJD in Bihar, or TRS in Telangana—and having a major say in national affairs, remain regional parties.

Recognition of National and State Parties

• The Election Commission registers political parties for the purpose of elections and grants them recognition as national or state parties on the basis of their poll performance.
• The other parties are simply declared as registered unrecognised parties.
• The ECI has laid down the technical criteria for a party to be recognized as a national party. A party may gain or lose national party status from time to time, depending on the fulfilment of these conditions
• The recognition granted by the Commission to the parties determines their right to certain privileges like allocation of the party symbols, provision of time for political broadcasts on the state-owned television and radio stations and access to electoral rolls.
• Further, the recognized parties need only one proposer for filing the nomination. Also, these parties are allowed to have forty “star campaigners” during the time of elections and the registered–unrecognized parties are allowed to have twenty “star campaigners”.
• The travel expenses of these star campaigners are not included in the election expenditure of the candidates of their parties.
• Every national party is allotted a symbol exclusively reserved for its use throughout the country.
• Similarly, every state party is allotted a symbol exclusively reserved for its use in the state or states in which it is so recognised. A registered-unrecognised party, on the other hand, can select a symbol from a list of free symbols.
• The national parties and state parties are also known as all-India parties and regional parties respectively.

Conditions for Recognition as a National Party

• A party is recognised as a national party if any of the following conditions is fulfilled:
• If it secures six per cent of valid votes polled in any four or more states at a general election to the Lok Sabha or to the legislative assembly; and, in addition, it wins four seats in the Lok Sabha from any state or states; or
• If it wins two per cent of seats in the Lok Sabha at a general election; and these candidates are elected from three states; or
• If it is recognised as a state party in four states.

Conditions for Recognition as a State Party

• A party is recognised as a state party in a state if any of the following conditions is fulfilled:
• If it secures 6% of the valid votes polled in the state at a general election to the legislative assembly of the state concerned; and, in addition, it wins 2 seats in the assembly of the state concerned; or
• If it secures 6% of the valid votes polled in the state at a general election to the Lok Sabha from the state concerned; and, in addition, it wins 1 seat in the Lok Sabha from the state concerned; or
• If it wins 3% of seats in the legislative assembly at a general election to the legislative assembly of the state concerned or 3 seats in the assembly, whichever is more; or
• If it wins 1 seat in the Lok Sabha for every 25 seats or any fraction thereof allotted to the state at a general election to the Lok Sabha from the state concerned; or
• If it secures 8% of the total valid votes polled in the state at a General Election to the Lok Sabha from the state or to the legislative assembly of the state. This condition was added in 2011.