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ADENOVIRUS VACCINE

  • March 14, 2021
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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ADENOVIRUS VACCINE

Subject: Science & tech

Context: Unlike the mRNA vaccine platform used by Pfizer and Moderna, where vaccine efficacy reached 94% and 95%, respectively, the vector-based vaccine platform technology used by AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson have shown lower efficacy.

Concept:

Adenovirus Vector Vaccine :

  • In this vaccine, adenovirus is used as a tool to deliver genes or vaccine antigens to the target host tissue.
  • Adenovirus: Adenoviruses (ADVs) are DNA viruses ranging from 70-90 nanometre in size, which induce many illnesses in humans like cold, respiratory infection etc.
  • Adenoviruses are preferred for vaccines because their DNA is double stranded which makes them genetically more stable and the chances of them changing after injection are lower.
  • Rabies vaccine is an adenovirus vaccine.
  • However, there are drawbacks of adenovirus vector vaccines like pre-existing immunity in humans, inflammatory responses etc.
  • Just as human bodies develop immune responses to most real viral infections, they also develop immunity to adenoviral vectors.
  • Since adenoviral vectors are based on natural viruses that some humans might already have been exposed to, these vaccines might not work for everyone.
ADENOVIRUS VACCINE Science and tech

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