ARI team recently discovered a rare low-altitude basalt plateau

ARI team recently discovered a rare low-altitude basalt plateau

Subject :Geography

Section :Geomorphology

Context: A rare low-altitude basalt plateau housing 76 species of plants and shrubs from 24 different families discovered in Thane region in the Western Ghats, one of the four global biodiversity hotspots in India, can prove to be a repository of information for species interactions.

Concept:

• The Western Ghats is one of four global biodiversity hotspots in India, and Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) in Pune has been studying its biodiversity, particularly its rock outcrops, for a decade.
• Plateaus are dominant landscapes in the Western Ghats, significant because of the predominance of endemic species.
• They are classified as a type of rock outcrop and provide a unique and challenging environment for species to adapt to.
• These outcrops have seasonal water availability, limited soil and nutrients, making them ideal laboratories to study the effects of climate change on species survival.
• Plateaus are thus a valuable source of insight into how species can survive in extreme conditions.
• The ARI team recently discovered a rare low-altitude basalt plateau in Manjare village, Thane district. This is the fourth type of plateau to be identified in the region; the previous three are laterites at high and low altitudes and basalt at high altitudes.
• Surveying the plateau, the team documented 76 species of plants and shrubs from 24 different families.
• The plateau shares the vegetation with the three other rock outcrops, simultaneously holding a few unique species. This gives a unique model system to study the species interactions in varying environmental conditions.
• It can help study effects of climate change on species survival and increase awareness of the conservation needs of rock outcrops and their immense biodiversity value in the global context.