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Building Blocks of Life Identified in Samples from Asteroid Bennu

  • February 5, 2025
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Building Blocks of Life Identified in Samples from Asteroid Bennu

Subject: Science

Section: Space Technology

Why in News?

NASA’s latest analysis of samples from asteroid Bennu has revealed vital chemical compounds necessary for life, reinforcing the theory that asteroids may have contributed to delivering these essential building blocks to early Earth.

Background on OSIRIS-REx Mission

  • NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft was launched to collect samples from asteroid Bennu, a rocky remnant from a larger celestial body.
  • Bennu formed 4.5 billion years ago, near the dawn of the solar system.
  • The spacecraft collected samples in 2020 and returned them to Earth in 2023, landing in Utah.

 Scientific Significance of Bennu Samples

  • Analysis of Bennu’s samples revealed chemical building blocks of life.
  • Findings support the theory that space rocks may have seeded early Earth with ingredients necessary for life.

 Key Discoveries in Bennu Samples

  • Two studies (published on January 29, in Nature Astronomy & Nature) found:
    • Diverse organic compounds, including key molecules needed for life.
    • Presence of amino acids (40 types), crucial for protein formation.
    • Discovery of DNA and RNA nucleobases, supporting theories of life’s extraterrestrial origins.

Importance of Findings

  • Suggests that chemical building blocks of life are widespread in space.
  • Increases likelihood that life could have emerged elsewhere in the solar system.
  • Supports the hypothesis that early Earth received these compounds via meteorites or asteroids.

 Composition & Origin of Bennu

  • Bennu is a carbon-rich asteroid, containing organic molecules found in other meteorites.
  • Unlike meteorites, Bennu’s samples were not contaminated by terrestrial sources, making them valuable for study.
  • Bennu’s parent body (asteroid) formed around 100 km in diameter and likely existed 12 billion years ago before breaking apart.

 Implications for Astrobiology

  • Supports the theory that life’s building blocks may have arrived from space.
  • Reinforces the idea that organic material was present before Earth fully formed.
  • The essential components of life are organic compounds necessary for biological functions.
  • All living organisms, including human cells, are composed of four primary biomolecule classes: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

What Are Asteroids?

Asteroids are ancient, rocky celestial objects that orbit the Sun, primarily concentrated in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These remnants from the early solar system, formed around 4.6 billion years ago, provide valuable insights into planetary formation and the origins of cosmic materials. While the majority reside within the asteroid belt, some asteroids follow orbits that extend beyond this region, occasionally crossing paths with Earth’s orbit or venturing into the outer solar system.

Asteroid Bennu:

  • Bennu is a carbon-rich asteroid with an approximate width of one-third of a mile. It approaches Earth every six years.
  • Scientists believe Bennu originated from a much larger carbon-rich asteroid, breaking away between 700 million and 2 billion years ago. It likely formed in the main asteroid belt before drifting closer to Earth.
Building Blocks of Life Identified in Samples from Asteroid Bennu Science and tech

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