COP28 climate summit
- January 4, 2024
- Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
- Category: DPN Topics
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COP28 climate summit
Subject : Environment
Section: Int Convention
Some important initiatives/pledges launched during the COP28 climate summit:
| Sr. No | Name | Sector | Purpose | Signatories | India’s position |
| 1. | GLOBAL ELECTRIC COOKING COALITION (GECCO) | Energy | Promote transition to electric cooking by providing action plans and mobilising finance | At least 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean | Is a signatory |
| 2. | OIL & GAS DECARBONIZATION CHARTER | Energy | To call on industry to pursue net zero by or before 2050, zero out methane emissions, eliminate routine flaring by 2030 | 30 national oil companies and 20 independent oil companies | India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited has signed up |
| 3. | GLOBAL RENEWABLES AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLEDGE | Energy | Triple worldwide installed renewable energy generation capacity and double energy efficiency by 2030 | 123 countries | Not a signatory. Disinclined to sign a pledge that asks for a phase-down of coal power |
| 4. | GLOBAL COOLING PLEDGE | Energy | To reduce cooling-related emissions across sectors by at least 68 per cent globally relative to 2022 levels by 2050 | 63 countries | Not a signatory. With low per capita emissions and energy consumption, and cooling needs set to rise, India might not want to commit to investments that will raise cooling costs |
| 5. | DECLARATION TO TRIPLE NUCLEAR ENERGY | Energy | Triple nuclear energy capacity globally by 2050 | 25 countries | Not a signatory. The position is unclear. The government is increasing nuclear power capacity threefold by 2031-32 |
| 6. | COP28 DECLARATION ON FOOD AND AGRICULTURE | Food | Scale up adaptation and resilience activities | 159 countries | Not a signatory. A probable concern could be that the declaration calls for revisiting agriculture policies to reduce greenhouse gas, restricting small and marginal farmers, threatening food security |
| 7. | COALITION FOR HIGH AMBITION MULTI-LEVEL PARTNERSHIPS FOR CLIMATE ACTION | Climate action | Planning, financing, and monitoring climate strategies to further enhance Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) ahead of COP30 | 71 countries | Not a signatory. The declaration calling for targets and actions for emissions mitigation to enhance NDCs could be a cause of concern |
| 8. | COP28 UAE DECLARATION ON CLIMATE AND HEALTH | Health | Build more climate-resilient health systems, promote steps to curb emissions in the health sector, and increase finance | 123 countries | Not a signatory. Lack of practicality in curbing greenhouse gases in cooling in the health sector is the likely cause for not signing |
| 9. | UAE LEADERS’ DECLARATION ON A GLOBAL CLIMATE FINANCE FRAMEWORK | Finance | Ensuring climate finance is available, affordable, and accessible | 14 countries | A signatory |
| 10. | JOINT DECLARATION ON OCEAN AND CLIMATE ACTION | Ocean | Sustainably manage 100 per cent of their national ocean jurisdictions, adopt ocean-based action in national climate goals | 18 countries and the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States | Not a signatory; reason unclear |
| 11. | CLIMATE CLUB | Industry | Decarbonisation of industries, access to finance to developing countries | 35 countries + EU | Not a signatory. Developing countries still need to industrialise and decarbonisation could increase the cost |