Examine the link between migration and development.

As per International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) latest report, ‘Global Migration Report 2020’, India continues to be the largest country of origin of international migrants with a 17.5 million-strong diaspora across the world.

Quote the data of census 2011 on Internal migration (India constitute a large population of 309 million internal migrants or 30 percent of the population)

In the body, Define the term migration and its types: (internal and external)

Delineate the major causes for migration.

• Push and pull factors
• Circular migration
• Employment and income benefits
• Poverty
• Development induced displacements
• Marriage and education

Merits of migration:

• Labour demand and supply
• Economic remittances,
• development of skills
• Quality of life and education
• Standard of living
• Women empowerment
• Creation of capital assets

Demerits of Migration:

• Demographic imbalances leading to regional imbalances Eg: UP, Bihar
• Brain Drain
• Women led households leading to psychological stress
• Low wages, poverty,
• Poor health and sanitation
• Low literacy and poor skills
• Emergence of slums
• Political and social exclusion

Quote the recent migrants issue faced during pandemic.

Suggestions:

• One nation One ration card
• Labour friendly laws
• Infrastructure development
• Ensuring minimum wages
• Social inclusion – EG. Kerala development model

In conclusion, mention the importance of the nexus between Migration and Development and how crucial it is to streamline the issues and challenges associated with the migration to attain the fruits of development which is sustainable. (Use SDG goals to end the answer)