Global warming breaches 1.5°C threshold in summer for 1st time

Subject: GEOGRAPHY

Section: Physical geography

Context:

For the first few days of June, global mean temperatures were more than 1.5 degrees Celsius higher than pre-industrial averages, the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) said, making this the first time the 1.5 degree- threshold was breached in the summer months.

Details:

There have been earlier instances of the daily global temperature exceeding pre-industrial averages by more than 1.5 degrees Celsius, but only in the Winter and spring months when deviations from the past trends are more pronounced.
This threshold was first exceeded in December 2015, and then repeatedly in the Northern Hemisphere winters and springs of 2016 and 2020.

The goal of Paris Agreement 2015:

The goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement is to ensure that the rise in global mean temperatures, as compared to pre-industrial times, does not exceed 2 degrees Celsius, and preferably be restricted within 1.5 degrees.
But The thresholds mentioned in the Paris Agreement are not about daily or even annual global temperatures.
Rather, those thresholds refer to long-term warming, meaning global temperatures over a period of 20 to 30 years, on average, must not exceed 1.5 degrees or 2 degrees Celsius.

Breach of 1.5-degree thresholds:

Short-term breaches of these thresholds, even a few years at a stretch, are considered inevitable now.
The world is projected to overshoot the 1.5 degrees threshold before coming back.
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) had said that there was a 66 per cent chance that in one of the next five years (2023-27), annual global temperatures would breach the 1.5 degrees threshold.
- Last year (2022), it was 1.15 degrees Celsius higher than the pre-industrial times.
The warmest ever year, so far, has been 2016 when global mean temperatures were 1.28 degrees Celsius higher.
- In its statement last month, WMO said It was nearly certain that one of the next five years (2023-27) would leave 2016 behind.