India crosses 100 crore vaccination

  • October 22, 2021
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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India crosses 100 crore vaccination

Subject – Science

Context: Decades worth of experience of Universal Immunisation Programme helped Health Ministry proceed with COVID-19 vaccination rapidly: ICMR DG

Concept:

Evolution of the programme:

1978: Expanded Programme of immunization (EPI). – Limited reach – mostly urban

1985: Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). Ø For reduction of mortality and morbidity due to 6 VPD’s. Ø Indigenous vaccine production capacity enhanced Ø Cold chain established Ø Phased implementation – all districts covered by 1989-90. Ø Monitoring and evaluation system implemented

1986: Technology Mission On ImmunizationØ Monitoring under PMO’s 20 point programme Ø Coverage in infants (0 – 12 months) monitored

1992: Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) Ø Included both UIP and Safe motherhood program

1997: Reproductive Child Health (RCH 1)

 2005: National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)

2012: Government of India declared 2012 as “Year of Intensification of Routine Immunization.

2013: India, along with other South-East Asia Region, declared commitment towards measles elimination and rubella/congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) control by 2020.

2014: No Wild Polio virus case was reported from the country for the last three years and India had a historic achievement and was certified as “polio free country” along with other South East Asia Region (SEAR) countries of WHO. Vaccines under UIP ·

Under UIP, following vaccines are provided:

  1. BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)
  2. DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus Toxoid)
  3. OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
  4. Measles 5. Hepatitis B
  5. TT (Tetanus Toxoid)
  6. JE vaccination (in selected high disease burden districts)
  7. Hib containing Pentavalent vaccine (DPT+HepB+Hib) (In selected States)

Diseases Protected by Vaccination under UIP

  1. Diphtheria
  2. Pertussis.
  3. Tetanus
  4. Polio
  5. Tuberculosis
  6. Measles
  7. Hepatitis B
  8. Japanese Encephalitis (commonly known as brain fever)
  9. Meningitis and Pneumonia caused by Haemophilus Influenzae type b
India crosses 100 crore vaccination Science