Infertility treatment finds a place in political manifestos

Subject :Science and Tech

Section: Health

Context:

Doctors welcome inclusion of infertility, which is recognised as public health issue by WHO; they say policy on treatment can mitigate the financial burden and emotional impact of infertility on family life; States are planning to give financial aid.

Different Methods for treatment of Infertility:

IVF

In vitro fertilization

It is the most commonly used assisted reproductive technology (ART).
In vitro fertilization, as its name-fertilization is done by fusing ovum from the female donor and sperm from the male donor outside the body under strict laboratory conditions.
This results in a zygote, or famously known as a test-tube baby. After embryo culturing, an embryo is transferred to the uterus of the mother.
This method is commonly performed in the case of women with damaged or clogged Fallopian tubes.

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

Zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT), also known as Tubal Embryo Transfer is analogous to IVF.
ZIFT is an ART procedure where fertilization happens in a laboratory. The thus formed zygote is then conveyed to the Fallopian tube of the mother using laparoscopy.
ZIFT proceeds as follows: egg retrieval from ovaries, fertilization, carrying the zygote into the uterine tubes for implantation and further development.
ZIFT is not for women with abnormal uterine tubes.

Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer (GIFT)

Unlike IVF and ZIFT, GIFT is an in-vivo fertilization procedure where the gametes –sperm and ova are conveyed directly into the fallopian tube.
In GIFT, fertilization and zygote formation is more natural as it takes place within the female body.
However, this technique is carried out only if there is enough sperm count and at least one fallopian tube is functional. GIFT is an alternative for IVF.