What is Hantavirus and how does it spread?

Sub: Sci

Sec: Health

Why in News

The recent passing of Betsy Hackman, wife of renowned American actor Gene Hackman, has brought global attention to the dangers of hantavirus infections.

What is Hantavirus?

Hantaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause serious and potentially fatal diseases in humans, such as:
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): A severe respiratory illness with high fatality rates.
Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS): Characterized by internal bleeding, kidney failure, and flu-like symptoms.
Hantavirus is primarily transmitted through rodents, particularly species such as: Deer mice, White-footed mice, Rice rats and Cotton rats.
Modes of Transmission:
- Aerosolization: The most common way humans contract the virus, occurring when infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva mix with dust and become airborne. This typically happens when cleaning or disturbing rodent-infested areas.
- Direct Contact: Handling infected rodents or their waste.
- Bites: Though rare, rodent bites can transmit the virus.
High-risk groups include:
- Farmers, construction workers, and campers exposed to rodent habitats.
- Children under five, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals should avoid handling pet rodents, as per CDC guidelines.

Is There a Cure?

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for hantavirus infections. However, supportive care is essential:
- Oxygen therapy to assist with breathing difficulties.
- Mechanical ventilation in severe cases.
- Early detection and immediate hospitalization can improve survival rates.