Why Chandrayaan 2 failed?

Subject : Science and technology

Section: Space technology

Concept :

The landing of Vikram was targeted for a plane about 600 km from the south pole of the Moon. However, ISRO lost contact with their lander shortly before the scheduled touchdown on September 7.
When contact was lost, it was travelling at 50 to 60 metres per second (180 to 200 km per hour).
It was decelerating, but not fast enough to slow down to a speed of 2 metres/second (7.2 km/hr) that was required for a safe landing. Vikram was designed to absorb the shock of an impact even at 5 metres/second (18 km/hr).
At the rate it was decelerating, it could not even have attained a speed of 5 metres/second before touchdown. It hit the Moon at a far greater speed, damaging itself and the instruments on board.

What was missed because of the crash landing?

The most obvious miss was the opportunity to demonstrate the technology to make a soft landing in outer space.
Isro scientists at the time said the accident was caused by a relatively small error that had been identified and corrected. The soon-to-be-launched Chandrayaan-3 mission will demonstrate this technology, hopefully, without any glitches.
The lander Vikram and rover Pragyaan were carrying instruments to carry out observations on the surface.
These were supposed to pick up additional information about the terrain, composition and mineralogy.
With the support of the Orbiter, Vikram and Pragyaan would have provided two diverse sets of data that could have helped prepare a more composite picture of the Moon.

For further notes on Chandrayaan 2 and its findings, refer – https://optimizeias.com/chandrayaan-2/