Daily Practice Sheet 12 January 2022

  • January 12, 2022
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPS
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Daily Practice Sheet

12 January 2022

Daily Prelims Topic

  1. Director General of WHO
  2. Gangasagar Mela
  3. Digital Currency
  4. Suspension of MLAs
  5. Reservation for Women in Urban Local Bodies
  6. Definition of Vulnerable Witness
  7. Restore Soil to address Climate Change
  8. Naval variant of BrahMos
  9. Pig’s heart transplantation into Humans
  10. Henley Passport Index
  11. National Youth Day and Demographic Dividend

On this day

National youth day is celebrated on 12th January every year.

Daily Facts

Unemployment

  • India’s unemployment rate has been soaring. It went up to 7.91 per cent in December 2021 from 6.3 per cent in 2018-2019 and 4.7 per cent in 2017-18, when the trend started to change — a sign that this phenomenon is not just due to Covid. In urban areas, this has gone up to 9.30 per cent in December 2021 from 8.09 per cent in January 2021. In rural areas, it has gone up to 7.28 per cent against 5.81 per cent.
  • Unemployment is more in the urban areas as compared to the rural areas. Between 2019-20 and December 2021, the manufacturing sector has lost 9.8 million jobs; by contrast, agricultural jobs jumped by 7.4 million.
  • The percentage of salaried people has dropped from 21.2 per cent in 2019-2020 to 19 per cent in 2021, which means that 9.5 million people have left the salariat and become jobless or part of the informal sector.
  • India’s Labour Force Participation (LPR) does not compare favourably with other emerging countries — a category that is vanishing quickly. According to the World Bank, it stood at 46 per cent in 2020 (it has not improved since then), while that of Brazil stood at 59 per cent, Chile’s at 57 per cent, China’s at 67 per cent, Ethiopia’s at 76, Ghana’s at 66, per cent, Indonesia’s at 66 per cent and Malaysia’s at 64 per cent.
  • Certainly, there are variations among Indian states. As per CMIE data, the unemployment rate in December 2021 was the highest in Haryana (34.1 per cent), followed by Rajasthan (27.1 per cent), Jharkhand (17.3 per cent) and Bihar (16 per cent).
  • There are also variations age-wise. Based on the data from CEDA-CMIE (between January 2019 and July 2021), the year 2020-21 saw 42.4 per cent fewer 15-19-year-olds employed in comparison to 2019-20. The age group of 20-29-year-olds saw the average monthly employment numbers go down by 15.6 per cent.

Air pollution

  • A study by the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) found that air pollution killed 16.7 lakh Indians and also wiped out ₹2.6-lakh crore from the economy
  • China invested RMB 1.8 trillion to meet its 2017 air quality targets, and generated RMB 2 trillion of GDP growth at the same time. China’s battle against its manic air pollution is well documented, but Beijing’s economy grew over 10 times with 6.5 per cent GDP growth each year over 20 years, while reducing particulate matter (PM) pollution by over 50 per cent in the last quarter of 2017

Investment

  • India’s total investments equal 30 per cent of GDP, of which the corporate sector including non-finance companies, account for 13 per cent, and while the government accounts for another 17 per cent.

CSE 2022

Day 64

Test 14

 

Daily Mains Mantra

GS 1: History

  1. Capitalism must be reformed to save humanity and environment. [Reference: Business Line]
  2. The Chipko movement (1973) in Uttarakhand and the Silent Valley movement (the late 1970s) in Kerala are two of the most well-known modern-day people’s movements for environmental protection in India that inspired several other environmental movements during the last five decades. Comment

GS 2: Polity

  1. India will gain from demographic opportunity only if policies and programmes are aligned to this demographic shift.
  2. What do you understand by hate speech? Review the law on hate speech in India. [Reference: The Hindu]

GS 3: Economy

  1. What do you understand by demographic dividend? How it aids in development of a nation. Explain with example of East Asian economies.
  2. Critically examine the problem unemployment problem in India. [Reference: Indian Express]
  3. Investment can only revive Indian economy. [Reference: Indian Express]

GS 3: Environment

  1. India’s poor air quality not only stands out as a public health concern but also an impediment to economic growth. [Reference: Business Line]
Daily Practice Sheet