Daily Prelims Notes 13 January 2021

  • January 13, 2021
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN
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Daily Prelims Notes 13 January 2021

By

Santosh Sir

All 6 Prelims qualified

4 CSE Mains qualified

If I can do it, you can too

 

Table Of Contents

  1. Green corridor
  2. National Youth Parliament festival
  3. Pongal and Jallikattu
  4. Consumer Price Index (CPI)
  5. Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
  6. Sandbox guidelines
  7. Pneumonia

 

1. Green corridor

Subject: Health and infrastructure

Context: A truck with the first batch of Serum Institute of India’s Covishield vaccine pashed from IGI airport in Delhi to the Rajiv Gandhi super specialty hospital.

Concept:

  • A special road route managed in a way such that all the traffic signals in the route determined for medical emergencies or organ transplantation, are green and controlled manually.
  • It seeks to ensure an unrestricted movement of vehicle and cut the traffic time by 60-70% in the process.
  • It needs an active collaboration between transplant coordinators, local police, traffic police and airport staff etc.
  • Primarily it seeks to ensure no organ is wasted as organ for transplantation have very short preservation time.
  • In India it was adopted in 2014 and Chennai was the first city to adopt it.
  • The requisite regulatory procedures and coordination was carried out with National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) for the green corridor.
  • NOTTO is a National level organization set up under Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, located in New Delhi.

2. National Youth Parliament festival

Subject: Events of National importance

Context: The PM addressed and listened to the youth in the 2nd National Youth Parliament Festival on 12th January 2021.

Concept:

  • The emphasized on rooting out dynastic politics for better future of Indian democracy.
  • The National Youth Parliament Festival is organized as part of celebrations on the National Youth Day to commemorate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekanand.
  • The first festival was based on the idea of current PM in “Man kiBaat”.
  • Aim is to hear the voice of youth between 18 and less than 25 years of age, who are electors but can not stand in elections through deliberations in youth Parliament at district level and above.
  • It seeks to make youth aware on public issues, understand others opinion and form once own opinion. It also promotes decision making abilities.
  • To develop respect and views of others and also contribute to public policies.
  • The festival also promotes national integration, the spirit of communal harmony, brotherhood, courage, and adventure.
  • The theme of 2021 festival held in virtual mode was “YUVAAH – UtsahNaye Bharat Ka”.
  • NYKS (Nehru Yuva Kendra Sanghthan) organises the festival.

Format and levels of participation

  1. District Youth Parliament (DYP): At the district level youth participates in Parliament.
  2. State Youth Parliament (SYP): 1st and 2nd winners from participating districts numbering will participate in this and will be judged by the jury for their speech.
  3. National Youth Parliament Festival: Winners of State youth Parliament will take part in this.

About NYKS

  • Nehru YuvaKendras were established in the year 1972 with the objective of providing rural youth avenues to take part in the process of nation building as well providing opportunities for the development of their personality and skills.
  • In 1987-88 NYKS was Nehru was set up as an autonomous organization under the Government of India, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, to oversee working of these Kendras. It is largest grassroot level youth organisation in the world to promote principles of voluntarism, self-help and community participation

3. Pongal and Jallikattu

Subject: Arts and Culture

Context: Tamil Nadu elections in 2021 has seen parties trying to make inroads by celebrating and being part of Tamil’s culture and heritage.

Concept:

  • Pongal is the harvest festival of Tamil Nadu. It is a 4-day festival during the solar equinox after harvesting of crops like rice, sugarcane, turmeric, etc.
  • The word ‘Pongal’ in Tamil literature means “boiling over”.
  • The festival is a way of thanking nature god for the crops and everything else. It rejects old things and welcomes new things.
  • People make traditional designs known as kolams in their homes with rice powder.

Jallikatu:

  • It is a traditional bull-taming sport or ‘bio cultural sport’ seeking to promote native breed of organised in Tamil Nadu during Pongal.
  • It is also known as Eruthazhuvuthal or Manjuvirattu.
  • It is a sport in which bull (natively reared) is let loose among a crowd of people. The participants are supposed to take control of the bull by holding its hump for as long as they can.
  • It is celebrated on the third day of Pongal also called “Mattu Pongal”. It is possibly a 2000-year-old tradition in Tamil society.

Controversy around Jallikatu

  • In 2011 bull was added to the notification banning the training and exhibition of bears, monkeys, tigers, panthers and dogs and hence a ban on events like Jallikatu. Challenge to it was upheld by the Supreme Court.
  • andJallikattu was banned by the Supreme Court in 2014, but the Tamil Nadu and central governments stepped in to reverse the bar amid widespread protests in the state.

4. Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Subject: Economy

Context: The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 4.59 per cent in December.

Concept:

  • CPI is a measure of retail inflation (WPI measure wholesale inflation) in economy. It is calculated on monthly basis. There is also an annual report with a 1-month lag.
  • CPI -IW – Optimize IAS

Why CPI is important?

  • Tracks inflation in economy.
  • RBI and other estimating agencies study CPI so as to understand the price change of various commodities and keep a tab on inflation.
  • It also gives an idea of cost of living.

5. Index of Industrial Production (IIP)

Subject: Economy

Context: It measure the factory output, which is measured in terms of Index of Industrial Production (IIP), contracted by -1.9 per cent in November.

Concept:

INDEX OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION – Optimize IAS

6. Sandbox guidelines

Subject: Economy

Context: IRDAI proposes extension of regulatory sandbox guidelines by 2 years for proposals under it needs more time for completion.

Concept:

  • To give a fillip to insurance penetration and facilitate innovations in the sector, especially those triggered by technology, the regulator had notified the IRDAI (Regulatory Sandbox) Regulations, 2019 on July 26, 2019.
  • Sandbox regulations is live testing of new products or services in a controlled/test regulatory environment for which regulators may (or may not) permit certain relaxations for the limited purpose of the testing.
  • It allows regulator, innovators, financial service providers and customers to test a product or service for its risks as well as benefits.
  • It is a way of promoting innovations particularly for financial products like in banking, insurance etc.

Source: medium.com

7. Pneumonia

Subject: Health

Context: Researchers point that pneumonia-related to Covid-19 is different and more damaging than common pneumonia caused by bacteria or viruses like influenza.

Concept:

  • Unlike rapid infection in large regions of the lungs in normal cases of pneumonia, the virus causing Covid-19 targets multiple small areas of the lungs.
  • It then hijacks the lungs’ own immune cells and uses them to spread across the lung over a period of many days or even weeks.
  • Infection slowly moves across the lung and leaves damage in its wake and continuously fuels the fever, low blood pressure, and damage to the kidneys, brain, heart, and other organs in patients.
  • Long course of the disease is the major cause of it being more dangerous.
  • Researchers pointed critical targets to treat SARS Covid-19 as the immune cells: macrophages (MACROPHAGES – Optimize IAS) and T cells (T cell immunity – Optimize IAS).

Pneumonia:

  • WHO says pneumonia is the single largest cause of death in children worldwide despite it being preventable and curable.
  • Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi. Streptococcus pneumonia is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children.
  • Pneumonia can be prevented by immunization, adequate nutrition and by addressing environmental factors.
  • Pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics.
  • Symptoms of Pneumonia include high fever and chills, cough with phlegm, physical weakness and a feeling of being unwell, shortness of breath and rapid breathing, and a racing pulse.
Prelims Notes