Friday Factly 17 September 2021

General Studies – 1

Crime against Women:

• According to NCRB in India, the total number of crimes against women fell from 4, 05,326 in 2019 to 3, and 71,503 last year.
• The majority of the cases registered were related to “cruelty by husband or his relatives” (30%), followed by “assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty” (23%). As much as 7.5% of the total crimes against women were rapes.

Crime in India:

• Overall, a total of 66, 01,285 crimes were registered in the country under various sections of the Indian Penal Code and special and local laws. The numbers marked a 28% increase in all crimes as compared to 51,56,158 cases in 2019.
• A total of 25, 65,448 accused persons were named in the charge sheets in 2020. Of these, 8, 76,553 were convicted, 1, 17,539 were acquitted and 13,755 were discharged.

Urbanization:

• India is home to 11 per cent of the total global urban population. By 2027, India will surpass China as the most populous country in the world.

General Studies – 3

Environment

Last Line of Defence Report

• According to the report, 227 environment and land rights activists were murdered globally in 2020, the highest recorded for a second consecutive year. This is equivalent to killing of four defenders a week post signing of Paris Climate Accords, 2016.
• As many as 1,539 environment and land right defenders were allegedly killed between 2012 and 2020.
• Nearly 71 per cent of those who died had been working to defend the world’s forests (earth’s natural carbon sinks) from deforestation and industrial expansion. Others died for their work protecting rivers, coastal areas and the oceans.
• The total number of documented killings per country in 2020 was: Columbia (65), Mexico (30), the Philippines (29), Brazil (20), Honduras (17), the Democratic Republic of the Congo / DRC (15), Guatemala (13), Nicaragua (12), Peru (6) and India (4).
• The top five countries in terms of the highest death rate per capita (killing of human rights per million populations) were: Nicaragua (12 / 6.6 million), Honduras (17 / 9.7 million), Columbia (65 / 50.3 million), Guatemala (13 / 16.6 million), and Philippines (29 / 108.1 million).

Cyber Crime:

• According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, India recorded 50,035 cases of cybercrime in 2020, with a 11.8% surge in such offences over the previous year, as 578 incidents of “fake news on social media” were also reported.
• The rate of cybercrime (incidents per lakh population) also increased from 3.3% in 2019 to 3.7% in 2020 in the country.
• In 2019, the country recorded 44,735 cases of cybercrime, while the figures stood at 27,248 in 2018, the data from corresponding years showed.
• The year saw 4,047 cases of online banking fraud, 1,093 OTP frauds and 1,194 credit/debit card fraud, while 2,160 cases related to ATM were reported in 2020, the NCRB figures showed.
• There were also 578 cases of fake news on social media, 972 related to cyber stalking or bullying of women and children, 149 incidents of fake profile and 98 of data theft, it added.
• It was followed by sexual exploitation with 6.6% (3,293 cases) and extortion 4.9% (2,440 cases), the data showed.
• Among States, the maximum 11,097 cybercrime cases were reported in Uttar Pradesh followed by Karnataka (10,741), Maharashtra (5,496), Telangana (5,024) and Assam (3,530), it showed.
• However, the crime rate was highest in Karnataka with 16.2 % followed by Telangana (13.4%), Assam (10.1%), Uttar Pradesh (4.8%) and Maharashtra (4.4%), the data showed.
• National capital Delhi recorded 168 such cases during the year with a crime rate of 0.8%, according to the NCRB, which is responsible for collecting and analysing crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code and special and local laws in the country

Cotton:

• India is the largest producer of cotton in the world accounting for 25 per cent of global output. At around 125 lakh hectares, the country has the largest acreage under cotton with six million or so farmers growing the fibre.

Productivity

• India’s total factor productivity growth in 2019 was 0.43 per cent while that of China was 2.8 per cent. If we look at labour productivity measured as output per hour per labour employed in the economy, China has roughly 1.5 times our productivity levels.