Friday Factly 22 October 2021

GENERAL STUDIES 1

Pharma Industry:

• The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the third largest in value, set to be valued at around $130 billion by 2030. Additionally, the Indian Active
• Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) industry is ranked third largest in the world

GENERAL STUDIES 2

Malaria:

• In 2019, according to the WHO, there were an estimated 229 million cases of malaria, and the estimated deaths were 4, 09,000. About 67% of the deaths were among children aged under five, the group most vulnerable to malaria.
• Furthermore, 94% of the cases and deaths due to malaria occurred in the
• WHO African region, a disproportionately high share of the burden

GENERAL STUDIES 3

Tax Havens:

• The losses due to “tax abuse” have been estimated by the Tax Justice Institute (The State of Tax Justice 2020 report) at nearly $427 billion annually. Of this staggering amount, nearly $245 billion is lost to “multinational corporations shifting profit into tax havens in order to underreport how much profit they actually made in the countries where they do business”.
• The remaining “$182 billion is lost to wealthy individuals hiding undeclared assets and incomes offshore, beyond the reach of the law”

Carbon Credit

• Developing countries, particularly India, China and Brazil, gained significantly from the carbon market under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. India registered 1,703 projects under the CDM which is the second highest in the world.
• Total carbon credits known as Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) issued for these projects are around 255 million which corresponds to an overall anticipated inflow of approximately U.S. $2.55 billion in the country at a conservative price of U.S.$10 per CER

Development Assistance:

India provides development assistance of $6.48 billion and receives assistance of $6.09 billion annually from key partners as Official Development Assistance (ODA).

Agriculture:

• Indian agriculture is currently worth $ 370 bn
• According to 77^thround of the National Sample Survey on agricultural and rural households between 2012–13 and 2018–19, the number of agricultural households increased marginally from 90 million to 93 million. The declining viability of farming has reduced the share of agricultural households in total rural households from 58% to 54% during the period. There has been continued fragmentation has increased the share of small landholdings, of less than 1 hectare, from 67.1% in 2012–13 to 70.4% in 2018– 19.
• In contrast, the share of large landowning households, with above 10 hectares, remained stable at 0.4% during the period.
• Another striking trend is the increase in land leasing. The share of land leased in for agricultural operations has doubled from 6.5% to 13% between 2002–03 and 2018–19.
• Though the share of indebted agricultural households marginally declined from 51.9% in 2012–13 to 50.2% in 2018–19, the average size of the household debt increased by more than half to `74,121, between 2012–13 and 2018–19.

Pulses:

• The production of pulses has increased through the years, from 8-15 million tonnes till 2006-07 to 16 million tonnes in 2015-16, 23.13 million tonnes in 2016-17, 25.23 million tonnes in 2017-18 and eventually, 25.58 million tonnes in 2020-21, due to the concerted efforts of research institutions and policy.
• With this rise in output, pulses’ imports dipped from their highest at 6.6 million tonnes in 2016-17 to 2.5 million tonnes in 2018-19. In 2019-20, India imported 2.6 million tonnes and is expected to import 2.5 million tonnes this year.
• However, domestic production is still unable to cater to the country’s needs, as it is far from the exponential growth in population.
• The demand for pulses by 2030 will be 32.64 million tonnes, with an annual required growth rate of 2.64 per cent.
• Almost 80 per cent of area under pulses is rainfed

Livestock:

Approximately 200 million Indians are involved in livestock farming, including around 100 million dairy farmers. Roughly 80% bovines in the country are low on productivity and are reared by small and marginal farmers