Friday Factly 7 January 2022

GENERAL STUDIES 1

Population density

Population densities in last 40 years have more than doubled.

Maternal Mortality Rate

India accounts for a fifth of the total childbirths in the world, with a maternal mortality rate of 113 per 1, 00,000 live births

GENERAL STUDIES 3

MSME

As the MSMEs contribute around 30 per cent to India’s GDP, employ about 11 crore people, constitute nearly 40 per cent of total exports, and more than half of them are located in rural India

Investment

• India’s fixed capital formation rate has steadily fallen from 36 per cent of GDP in 2008 to 26 per cent in 2020, while China and the US registered improvements in the capital formation ratio from 37 per cent to 42 per cent and from 18 per cent to 21 per cent, respectively.
• For a set of 718 listed companies for which data is consistently available from 2005, the capex growth rate has dwindled from 7 per cent in 2008 to around 2 per cent in 2020. The return on invested capital in FY21 is still low at 2-3 per cent compared with 16-18 per cent returns in 2005-08.

Manufacturing:

• China’s share of contribution to world manufacturing in 2018 was 28 per cent, the highest among all countries. But in the same year, the US, Japan, Germany, South Korea, Italy, France, UK, and Mexico contributed 16.6 per cent, 7.2 per cent, 5.8 per cent, 3.3 per cent, 2.3 per cent, 1.9 per cent, 1.8 per cent and 1.5 per cent, respectively to world manufacturing.
• In 1951, the primary sector of agriculture and allied activities like forestry, fishing contributed to 56.4 per cent of India’s GDP, the secondary sector of manufacturing, construction, mines, and quarry contributed 15.01 per cent and the tertiary sector of services contributed 28.59 per cent. In 2021, the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors contributed 20.2 per cent, 24.3 per cent and 53.9 per cent, respectively, of the GDP of India. Fast growth is propelled first by the secondary sector, and thereafter by the tertiary sector

Renewable energy

India’s renewable energy targets have steadily become more ambitious, from the 175 GW by 2022 declared at Paris, to 450 GW by 2030 at the UN Climate Summit, and now 500 GW by 2030, announced at COP26. India has also announced the target of 50 per cent installed power generation capacity from non-fossil energy sources by 2030, raising the existing target of 40 per cent, which has already been almost achieved. India will not lag in terms of new cutting-edge renewable technologies and has already announced a Hydrogen Energy Mission for grey and green hydrogen. In energy efficiency, the market based scheme of Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) has avoided 92 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions during its first and second cycle

Internet users and cybercrime:

• As per the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) there were around 825 million internet users in India at the end of March 2021. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) in “Crime in India 2020”, therefore, accounts for only 251 cases of defamation or morphing of women’s photos and 354 cases of their fake profiles under the Indian Penal Code, Information Technology Act and Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act.
• NCRB statistics show that total cyber crimes in India during 2020 were 50,035, and those specifically against women were only 10,405. These statistics are but a fraction of the ground reality.