Post-glacial ecosystems could help slow down climate change: Study

Post-glacial ecosystems could help slow down climate change: Study

Sub: Geo

Sec: Climatology

Context:

• A global study titled “The Development of Terrestrial Ecosystems Emerging After Glacier Retreat,” published in Nature, suggests that while glacier retreat is a clear sign of climate change, it may also create new ecosystems that could help mitigate its effects.

Key Findings:

1. Immediate Effects of Deglaciation:
   • May accelerate climate change by reducing surface reflectivity
   • Could release stored carbon
2. Long-term Potential:
   • Post-glacial ecosystems might slow down climate change
   • Proper management could boost biogeochemical processes

Research Methodology:

• 10-year investigation led by professors from the University of Milan and Italy’s Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources
• Over 1,200 soil samples collected from nearly 50 glaciers worldwide
• Climates ranged from tropical to subpolar regions
• Indian contribution: Samples from Gangotri and Bara Shigri glaciers in the Himalayas

Ecosystem Development in Deglaciated Areas:

1. Initial colonization (immediately after retreat):
   • Microorganisms: bacteria, protists, algae are the first to colonise the barren landscape
   • Role: Make minerals available for other species
2. Within a decade:
   • Hardy plants: lichens, mosses, grass
   • Role: Enrich soil, prepare for more complex plant life
3. Later stages:
   • More complex plant life
   • Larger animals

Importance of Post-Glacial Ecosystems:

• Carbon capture and storage through biomass growth
• Temporary habitats for species threatened by climate change
• Potential refuges for cold-adapted species
• Enhanced biodiversity

Management Recommendations:

• Promote wild herbivores to enhance life in these regions
• Protect and study these ecosystems for ecological benefits

Relevance to India:

• Crucial for water regulation in the Himalayas
• Impacts rivers supporting millions (drinking water, agriculture, hydropower)
• Potential for medicinal and agricultural discoveries
• Opportunity for eco-tourism to boost local economies

Source: TH