WHO working on accord to tackle future pandemics

Sub :IR

Sec: Int Org

Context:

Five years ago, on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic, a wake-up call for the world.
The WHO had earlier issued a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) five weeks prior, but it didn’t use the word ‘pandemic,’ leading to delayed action.
The COVID-19 pandemic also exposed significant gaps in international health regulations and response capabilities, underscoring the need for a more robust global framework.

Future Pandemic risks and Preparations:

According to the WHO, it is not a matter of “if” but “when” the next pandemic will occur, highlighting the necessity for continued vigilance and preparedness.
In December 2021, WHO member countries began drafting a new Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response Accord. This accord aims to establish global frameworks for better handling future pandemics.
The treaty will outline protocols for a coordinated global response, including rapid deployment of health resources, personnel, and equipment.
One final negotiation session for the accord is scheduled for next month, after which the text will be finalized during the WHO’s annual assembly in May.

Key Objectives of the Treaty:

Equitable access: Ensuring fair access to medical solutions, including vaccines, treatments, and diagnostics, especially for low- and middle-income countries.
Preparedness: Enhancing global readiness through improved surveillance, early warning systems, and resource mobilization.
Response Coordination: Establishing unified protocols for rapid response to health emergencies, minimizing delays and inefficiencies.
International Collaboration: Strengthening cooperation among nations, international organizations, and stakeholders to build resilient health systems.
One Health Approach: Recognizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health to prevent zoonotic diseases.
Supply chain preparedness: Establishing mechanisms to ensure timely and fair distribution of medical products globally during pandemics.

Binding obligations for countries:

Although there is some debate about whether the treaty will be legally binding, it is expected that countries will agree to certain mandatory provisions related to data sharing, preparedness, and response actions.

Strengthening WHO’s Authority:

The WHO has planned to grant its Director-General greater authority.
Starting in September, the WHO head will have the ability to declare a “pandemic emergency”, a higher-level PHEIC with pandemic potential, ensuring that such declarations get more global attention and prompt timely action.

What is a pandemic:

A pandemic is defined as an epidemic of a disease that has spread across a wide geographic area, affecting multiple countries or continents.
It typically involves a new infectious disease to which most people have little or no pre-existing immunity, leading to widespread illness and potentially high rates of mortality.