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Air-Breathing Scramjet Engine

  • December 11, 2022
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Air-Breathing Scramjet Engine

Subject: Science and Technology

  • The Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) successfully conducted the hot test of scramjet engine.
  • In an air-breathing scramjet engine, air from the atmosphere is rammed into the engine’s combustion chamber at a supersonic speed of more than Mach two.

ScramJet Engine

  • A scramjet is a supersonic-combustion ramjet engine in which the airflow through the engine remains supersonic (greater than the speed of sound).
  • Scramjet-powered vehicles can operate at speeds up to Mach 15.
  • Scramjet engines facilitate supersonic combustion by breathing oxygen from the atmosphere during flight.
  • It then allows the oxygen to mix with hydrogen already stored in the vehicle, triggering combustion, and producing the required thrust to lift the satellite to its designated orbit.
  • Such engines that can breathe oxygen from the atmosphere play a significant role in space technologies as they help reduce the need for propellants by about 70%.
  • Benefits:
    • Mastering the air-breathing scramjet technology will lead to the development of hypersonic missiles, faster civilian air transportation and facilities for putting satellites into orbit at a low cost.

Ramjet Engine

  • A ramjet engine operates by the combustion of fuel in a stream of air compressed by the forward speed of the aircraft itself, as compared to normal jet engines where the compressor section compresses the air.
  • The airflow through a ramjet engine is at a subsonic speed (less than the speed of sound).
  • Ramjet engines can operate from Mach 3 to Mach 6.
  • Mach number is the ratio of the speed of an aircraft (vehicle) to the speed of sound.

Air-Breathing Scramjet Engine Science and tech

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