Bail

Subject : Polity

Context:

Recently Supreme Court has granted interim bail to the accused in the 2017 murder of a Class 2 student at a private school in Gurgaon.

What is bail:

Bail is the conditionalrelease of a person held under legal custody in matters which are yet to be pronounced by the Court, by undertaking a promise to appear in the Court as and when required.

What governs bail in India:

The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 governs the terms of the bail.
Section 2 (a) of the CrPC,1973 defines the phrases “bailable offense” and “non-bailable offense” even though the Act does not define “bail” expressly.

What are different categories of bail:

Bailable offences

Section 2(a) of CrPC categorizes a bailable offence.
It means that an offence that is classified as bailable in the First Schedule of the Code, or which is classified as bailable under any other law.
An accused can claim bail as a matter of right if he is accused of committing a bailable offence.
Under Section 436 of CrPC 1973, a person accused of a bailable offence at any time while under arrest without a warrant and at any stage of the proceedings has the right to be released on bail.

Non-bailable offences

A non-bailable offence is defined as any offence which is not a bailable offence.
A person accused of a non-bailable offence cannot claim bail as a righ
A person accused of non-bailable offences can be granted bail provided the accused does not qualify the following conditions:

There are reasonable grounds to believe that he has committed an offence punishable with death penalty or life imprisonment.
That the accused has committed a cognizable offence and he had been previously convicted of an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or imprisonment of seven years or more or if the accused been convicted on two or more instances of a cognizable and non-bailable offence.

What are the types of bails in India:

Regular bail:
- The court orders the release of a person who is under arrest, from police custody after paying the amount as bail money.
- An accused can apply for regular bail under Section 437 and 439 of CrPC.
- Interim bail:
- This is a direct order by the court to provide temporary and short term bail to the accused until his regular or anticipatory bail application is pending before the court.
- Anticipatory bail:
- This is a direct order of Sessions or High Court to provide pre-arrest bail to an accused of a crime.
- When the person has an apprehension of being arrested, the person can apply for anticipatory bail.