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Bosnian Serbs are ‘mentally’ in Serbia, their leader says

  • January 10, 2024
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Bosnian Serbs are ‘mentally’ in Serbia, their leader says

Subject :IR

Section :Places in news

Context:

  • Celebrations are due on 9 January, to mark 32 years since Bosnian Serbs proclaimed a “republic” deemed anti-constitutional by both Bosnia’s central government and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).

Details:

  • Three months after the proclamation of their republic — Republika Srpska — on January 9, 1992, an inter-ethnic war broke out in Bosnia, claiming around 1,00,000 lives.
  • Since the 1992-1995 war, Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises two semi-independent entities — the mostly-Orthodox Christian Serbs’ Republika Srpska, and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, made up of mostly-Muslim Bosniaks and mostly-Catholic Croats.

Bosnia and Herzegovina:

  • Country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.
  • Borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. In the south, it has a 20 kilometres (12 miles) long coast on the Adriatic Sea, with the town of Neum being its only access to the sea.
  • Moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters.
  • Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous. Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city.

Serbia:

  • A landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.
  • Borders with Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Montenegro to the southwest.
  • It claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo.
  • Its capital Belgrade is also the largest city.

Bosnia- Serbia relations:

  • The modern-day countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia both originated from Yugoslavia. 
  • The main dispute in Bosnia arose from the dissolution of Yugoslavia, when most Serbs did not support the country’s independence, but instead joined the Serbian war effort to dismember Bosnia and attach Serb-controlled areas to Serbia.
  • While this plan was thwarted, the Dayton Peace Accords that ended the war recognized the Serb Republic (Republika Srpska, RS) as one of the country’s two entities.
  • Bosnian statehood does not enjoy strong support among Bosnia Serbs and many prefer RS to become independent or join Serbia.
  • On the other hand, many Bosniaks and Croats opposed the existence of the RS, considering that it was established through ethnic cleansing and there was only a slim majority of Serbs living on its pre-war territory.
  • Currently, the RS enjoys far-reaching autonomy as a weak federal state.
  • Since its recognition in 1995 through the Dayton Accords, both the autonomy of the RS and its Serb dominance have been weakened by the Office of the High Representative (OHR), the international agency that oversees the peace process.
  • Relations between Serbs and other nations in Bosnia have been largely peaceful since the end of the war, but contacts remain limited as most Serbs live separately from Bosniaks and Croats within Bosnia.

Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE):

  • OSCE is an intergovernmental organization focusing on regional security in Europe, North America, and Asia.
  • Mandate includes arms control, promoting human rights, freedom of the press, and ensuring free and fair elections.
  • Employs approximately 3,460 people, mainly in field operations, Vienna secretariat, and institutions.
  • Observer status at the United Nations.
  • Originated in 1975 as a forum for discussions between the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc during the Cold War.
  • Comprises 57 participating countries, mostly in Europe, with some in Asia and North America.
  • Focuses on early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict rehabilitation.

Source: The Hindu

Bosnian Serbs are ‘mentally’ in Serbia IR

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