Daily Practice Sheet 11 July 2020

  • July 11, 2020
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPS
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On this Day

  • 11th July is celebrated as World Population Day.

Daily Prelims Topic

  • Population
  • Comet C/2020 F3, also known as NEWOISE

Daily Mapping

  • Depsang Plains

            [Source: Indian Express]

  • Singrauli

Daily Facts

Population:

  • As the Economic Survey (2018-19) fertility has been declining everywhere and in every community, although rates of decline vary.
  • The national fertility rate is estimated to be 2.2 in 2016 is projected to reach replacement rate around 2021.
  • However, some states have fertility rates higher than the replacement fertility level. In particular, the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar have substantially higher fertility rates at 2.74 and 3.41 respectively, according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16.
  • In the 1990s, the fertility rate was higher in UP than in Bihar, but it has declined faster in UP. The Economic Survey (2018-19) has estimated that fertility will reach the replacement level in UP by 2021 and in Bihar by 2031
  • India’s population growth rate has declined in every census since 1981.

World Population trend:

  • It took hundreds of thousands of years for the world population to grow to 1 billion – then in just another 200 years or so, it grew sevenfold. In 2011, the global population reached the 7 billion mark, and today, it stands at about 7.7 billion, and it’s expected to grow to around 8.5 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050, and 10.9 billion in 2100.
  • This dramatic growth has been driven largely by increasing numbers of people surviving to reproductive age, and has been accompanied by major changes in fertility rates, increasing urbanization and accelerating migration. These trends will have far-reaching implications for generations to come.
  • The recent past has seen enormous changes in fertility rates and life expectancy. In the early 1970s, women had on average 5 children each; by 2015, total fertility for the world had fallen to below 2.5 children per woman. Meanwhile, average global lifespans have risen, from 64.6 years in the early 1990s to 72.6 years in 2019.
  • In addition, the world is seeing high levels of urbanization and accelerating migration. 2007 was the first year in which more people lived in urban areas than in rural areas, and by 2050 about 66 per cent of the world population will be living in cities.
  • These mega trends have far-reaching implications. They affect economic development, employment, income distribution, poverty and social protections. They also affect efforts to ensure universal access to health care, education, housing, sanitation, water, food and energy. To more sustainably address the needs of individuals, policymakers must understand how many people are living on the planet, where they are, how old they are, and how many people will come after them.

Source: https://www.un.org/en/observances/world-population-day

Daily Mains Mantra

GS 1: Society

  1. Population growth in India is an economic or social development concern. Do you agree with this opinion? Do we need a population control alw? [Reference: The Wire]
  2. The COVID-19 crisis has taken a staggering toll on people, communities and economies everywhere. But not everyone is affected equally. Examine its impact on women. [Reference: UN]
  3. Women empowerment is key to control population. Examine [Reference: UN, UNDP]

GS 1: Geography

  1. The people of a country are its real wealth. In this context explain what do you understand by Human Resource? ( Context : World Population Day) Source: NCERT  [Reference: Live Mint]
  2. What do you understand by optimum population? Discuss the problems because of overpopulation with examples. [Reference: Youtube, Live Mint]
  3. What is Malthusian theory of population? Critically examine the theory with examples. [Intelligent economist, Youtube]
  4. What is urban heat island effect? Suggest measures to control it. [Reference: Indian Express]
  5. Explain the pattern of population distribution in the world. Discuss the factors influencing the distribution of population.

GS 2: Polity

  1. What is cooperative federalism? Analyze its origin and evolution in India. [Reference: The Hindu]
  2. In the backdrop of UP encounter, analyze the reason for increasing encounters. Examine whether it is helpful in upholding law and order in long run. Discuss guidelines given by SC with regard to encounters. [Reference: Indian Express]

GS 3: Economy

  1. What will be the role of solar energy in India’s vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat? [Reference: The Hindu]
  2. What are the sources of government debts? Does India need fiscal council? Critically analyse. [Reference: The Hindu, Live Mint]

GS 4: Ethics

  1. Examine the ethical issues in extra judicial killing.
Daily Practice Sheet