Daily Practice Sheet 7 January 2021

January 7, 2021
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Daily Practice Sheet 7 January 2021

By

Santosh Sir

All 6 Prelims qualified

4 CSE Mains qualified

If I can do it, you can too

Daily Prelims Topics

6th schedule
PM 2.5 (Particulate Matter 2.5)
Appointment/Removal of judges of lower courts (News: HC sacks 16 employees of Bihar civil court)
Caracal
PMI (Purchasing Manager Index)
National Infrastructure Pipeline
Hung parliament
Basaveshwara
Pulicat lake

Daily Mapping

Qatar

Daily facts

Job crisis (Covid impact)

4 lakh migrants back in Kerala from abroad, 5.5 lakh lost their jobs

Air pollution/health

Meeting air quality guidelines could prevent 7% of pregnancy losses in South Asia, study finds (Lancet)

Women empowerment

Germany agrees at least one women member in larger listed companies.

Robots and AI

India did not even rank among the top 10 countries in the world when it came to robots just a few years ago. In 2018, there were under 5,000 industrial robot installations in India. Compare this with the 154,000 industrial robots which China installed that same year, over three times the number managed by the runner-up country, Japan. South Korea, an early frontrunner in adoption of robotics, was number three but was well ahead by another parameter — robot density. According to an International Federation of Robotics report, South Korea has 8,555 robots per 10,000 human workers, eight times the world average. World leader Singapore has a staggering 918/10,000 ratio!

Source: The Hindu

Daily Mains Mantra

NEWSPAPER

GS1: Society

“Stricter Law alone cannot deter rising sexual violence against women”. Critically examine. [Reference: Indian Express]

Approach:

Introduction:

Show how the sexual violence cases have been rising and preferred response has been stricter laws or death penalty being the deterrence. (Bring in facts or laws example)

Body:

1. Why stricter law or death penalty is primary response?
  - Strong deterrence
  - Popular pressure
  - Proportionate justice

1. Discuss this may not be sufficient as many other things need to be addressed.
  - Patriarchal society
  - Culture of impunity
  - Poor investigation, reporting and prosecution
  - Low conviction rate with highest punishment
  - (Explain each point with arguments and examples)

Conclusion:

There is need of a comprehensive approach addressing all causal factors.

GS2: Polity

Examine the evolution of Right to privacy in India through the Supreme Court’s judgements. Also, critically examine Data Protection Bill in this respect. [Reference: Indian Express]

Introduction

(Give the meaning of right to privacy and its legal background)

Right to unwarranted publicity and uninterrupted life by public matters is right to publicity, is enshrined in the UN HDR and it is a fundamental right as per Supreme Court interpretations of article 21

Context

Era of ICT, and implementation of biometric program has created a new look at the legal position of privacy in India

Need

*over 80 countries have passed national laws protecting the collection and use of student’s data by companies and government

*ICT has improved service delivery which requires data the date of the citizens is stored

*data is the new oil, data is new source of economy

*data can make make or break and Nation data is to be protected for the territorial sovereignty and unity of the nation leak of privacy can cause life threatening consequences

*increasing cyber-attacks cyber bullying and cyber espionage has made the right to privacy important for the democratic Nation

*the nation may become arbitrary as it holds the data of the citizen

*recent usage of cctv election commission andE- vahan have data base for identifying protestors of Delhi riots created concern over the future usage main lead to a surveillance state

*the recent casual treatment of citizens privacy by Indian government was backlash to the aarogyasetu contact tracing app

Evolution of right to privacy by Supreme Court judgements

*MP Sharma vs Satish Chandra 1954 and correct Singh versus Uttar Pradesh 1962 the judges declared that under certain circumstances the privacy of individuals was to be protected there was no constitutional right to privacy

*Puttuswamy Vs India 2017 the Supreme Court held that privacy is a fundamental right

Analysis of data protection bill 2019

Data protection bill 2019

India aim to create one trillion economic value by 2025 depends upon the emerging technologies this value is found to be created by the sale of

Data

The bill has number of conditions for companies to follow
Require permission before collecting the data
It provides that uses of the data are the owners of the data the users can ask to for deletion same as that of European internet users right to be forgetten

Critic

Bill does not protect individuals against the government
Date of individuals like religion can be used in the name of national security
Open ended Access could lead to misuse
BN srikrishna chairman of draft committee warned that government open ended access lead to Orwellian state
Establishment of data protection authority letter by chairperson and 6 committee members appointed by central government selection committee, the beauty of the comet 2 to appoint and remove members affects independence of the agency
740 million Indian users are to be e influenced by the data protection bill
It will not be discussed by the parliamentary committee on information technology shared by Shashi tharoor has stired question of scrutiny and accountability.
Willfull exercise of undermining the house affecting the transparency of the bill

Conclusion

(Give the need for scrutinizing the bill and give some recommendations to fill the loopholes in the bill)

What is affirmative action? Also differentiate between horizontal and vertical reservation? Do you support horizontal reservation for women in legislatures? [Reference: Indian Express]

In the Introduction define what Affirmative action is and why it is important for inclusive growth and gender equality. Add Constitutional provisions which emphasis on the need for affirmative action.
In the body, discuss the difference between Horizontal and Vertical reservations. Add recent examples of TN providing horizontal reservation for Medical seats and similar examples on OBC and SC reservation.
The third part of the question is very important: Here your focus should be solely on gender dimensions of reservation.
Quote Indra Sawhney case and Saurav Yadav versus State of Uttar Pradesh.
Here you can add Global Gender Gap report of WEF which ranks India based on 4 parameters.
Mention the data of women participation in Indian legislative process.
Examine the pending 33% reservation bill for women in Parliament .
Explain how giving reservation to women will help in social, economic and political upliftment from the menace of patriarchy.
Explain how reservation for women helps in breaking the GLASS CEILING EFFECT. Cite examples from world countries where women led leadership proved to be effective in curbing COVID 19 spread!
In conclusion, add how reservation as an affirmative action will work good on the marginalized sections of society in general and women in particular. Summarize the need for women representation in legislature which would have a positive effect on laws related to women and children which takes a country in a developmental path.

GS2: IR

Middle-East reset will not only have regional but global implications. Discuss. [Reference: Indian Express]

GS 3: Economy

Instead of ad hoc steps, the Centre needs to push long-term reforms in public sector banks. [Reference: Business Line]

GS 3: Science

Introduction

(Give data and need for new technology)
The dynamic environment of science and technology with new innovation India’s GDP (0.6percent )share in research and development and improving position in the innovation index ( mention rank ) has led to need for formulation of new policy by expert

Game changer for science ecosystem in India

Core principles

The new to science and technology innovation policy follows the core principles of decentralisation evidence informed bottom-up expert student and inclusive

Aim

*it aims to be dynamic with robust policy governance mechanism that includes periodic review evaluation feedback adaptation and exit strategy

Objective

*the objective of science and technology innovation policy will be guided by position in India at the top three scientific superpowers to attract nurture and strengthen the human capital

Human capital

Pertains to double the number of full-time researcher’s increased GDP on r and d (GERD) and private sector contribution to GERD every five years

Goal synchronisation

The policy outlines the strategies for strengthening India science and technology ecosystem to achieve the larger goal of Atmanirbhar Bharat

Inclusiveness and participation

*through open science fosters more equitable participation in science to increased access to research output greater transparency and accountability in research and inclusiveness has been proposed in the policy

Aid

idea of one Nation one subscription democratize science by providing access to not just researches but to all the individuals in the country there by fostering inclusiveness (earlier 1500 crore per annum was spent on subscriptions to journals and only a third of country 3.5 lakh researches get access to them)

Gender equity

*participation of women in S & T has doubled in India over participation of women and continues to be only 16% ,policy requirements a mandatory position for accrued excluded groups in economics 30% representation of women in selection/ evaluation committee and decision-making groups

Finance

*India’s GDP share for research and development is only 0.6 % compared to major economy with 1.5 to 3%, the private sector investment is less than 40% in India when compared to 70% in developed economies

Conclusion

(Explain how the draft is useful in the dynamic environment)

Learning from covid-19 pandemic for India science and technology sector has been a major push towards the policy formulation. The draft bill focuses on the need to adopt such learning for greater efficiency and synergy in future

GS 3: Security

Discuss India’s maritime security concerns. Examine efforts to secure India’s maritime security in this regard. [Reference: The Hindu]