Daily Prelims Notes 16 October 2020

October 16, 2020
Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
Category: DPN

Table Of Contents

Subject: Economy

Context : India is likely to end the current year with a per captia GDP lower than of bangladesh , making it third poorest nation in south asia according to IMF world economic outlook.

Concept :

Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area’s total income by its total population
GNP (Gross National Product)

It is the market value of all products and services produced in one year of a country (i.e., by labour and property).

GNP = GDP + X – M.

Net National Product (NNP)

It is the value of GNP after deducting depreciation of plant and machinery.

NNP = GNP – Depreciation

National Income (NI) = NNP – Indirect Taxes + Subsidies
Per-Capita Income (PCI)

It is the average income (per person) of a country.

Per−Capita Income=National Income/ Total population.

Reasons for deviation with bangladesh:

Since 2017, India’s growth rate decelerated sharply while bangaldesh has witnessed faster growth rates.
Over the 15 year period , Indias population grew at a pace higher than that of bangladesh.
Lastly , immediate impact was due to COVID19 which contracted indian economy by 10% whereas Bangladesh is expected to grow by 4%.

2. CHAPTER PROCEEDING

Subject: Security

Context : Mumbai police last week began “chapter proceedings” against a prominent Journalist.

Concept :

Chapter proceedings are preventive actions taken by the police if they fear that a particular person is likely to create trouble and disrupt the peace in society.
These proceedings are unlike punitive action taken in case of an FIR with an intention to punish.
Here, the police can issue notices under sections of the Code of Criminal Procedure to ensure that the person is aware that creating nuisance could result in action against him.
Generally, a notice is issued to a person under section 111 of the CrPC whereby he is asked to present himself before the Executive Magistrate(ACP or Deputy Collector).
On receiving the notice under section 111, a person can appeal the notice before the courts .

3. WORLD FOOD DAY

Subject: International Events

Context : PM will be launching a commemorative coin to mark World Food Day .

Concept :

World Food Day is celebrated annually on 16 October across the globe to honour the establishment of the Food and Agriculture Organisation.
This year marks the 75th anniversary of FAO. It is celebrated by several organisations that are concerned with food security like International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Food Program, etc.
The main focus of this day is that food is a basic and fundamental human right.
The theme of World Food Day 2020 is “Grow, nourish, sustain. Together. Our actions are our future”.

FAO :

Food Agricultural Organisation is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
Established in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) has its headquarters in Rome, Italy.
It was founded with a goal to provide food security for everyone and assure that people will have access to high-quality food in sufficient quantities to achieve a healthy lifestyle.
Every year, the FAO publishes a number of major ‘State of the World’ reports related to food, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and natural resources.

4. IMFC

Subject: International Organisation

Context : Finance Minister addressed Plenary meeting of International Monetary anfd financial committee through video conferencing.

Concept :

International Monetary and Financial Committee

It is the Ministerial-level committee of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
It meets twice a year, once during the Fund-Bank Annual Meetings in October and once during the Spring Meetings in April.
This year, due to the Covid-19 outbreak, the meeting took place through video-conference.

Functions:

It discusses the management of the international monetary and financial system.
It advises the IMF on any other matters of common concern affecting the global economy.
IMFC has 24 members, drawn from the pool of 189 governors, and represents all member countries. India is one of the current members.
It operates on consensus, including on the selection of its chairman.

5. NBSA

Subject : National Organisation

Context : Delhi High Court has given two weeks time to NBSA to decide on complaints filed against it.

Concept :

National Broadcasting Standards Authority

News Broadcasting Standards Authority is an independent body set up by the News Broadcasters Association. Its task is to consider and adjudicate upon complaints about broadcasts.
The NBA has devised a Code of Ethics to regulate television content as a self regulation mechanism.
The News Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA), of the NBA, is empowered to warn, admonish, censure, express disapproval and fine the broadcaster a sum upto Rs. 1 lakh for violation of the Code.

Composition:

A Chairperson, being an eminent jurist;
Four eminent persons having special knowledge and/or practical experience in the field of law, education, medicine, science, literature, public administration, consumer affairs, environment, human psychology and/or culture; and
Four eminent editors employed with a broadcaster.

6. KISAN RAIL SCHEME

Subject : Govt Schemes

Context : Railways Ministry and Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) have joined hands to extend 50 per cent subsidy on rail freight for transportation of notified fruits and vegetables through ‘ Kisan Rail’.

Concept :

Kisan Rails are the first ever multi commodity trains. Earlier, Indian Railways had run single commodity special trains like Banana Specials etc.
These trains with refrigerated coaches will help in bringing perishable agricultural products like vegetables, fruits to the market in a short period of time.
These will ensure that agro products reach from one corner to another corner of the country.
These trains are a step towards realising the goal of doubling farmers’ incomes by 2022.
These are expected to be a great help to the farmers, as freight of these trains will be charged as per parcel tariff of normal trains.
Aggressive marketing is being done with local farmers, loaders, Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC) and individuals.
Any farmer or any other interested party can directly book their consignments in trains, without any lower limit on the size of consignment.
The consignment can be as small as 50-100 kgs, and can be booked from any stopping station to any other stopping station – giving full flexibility.
Regarding loss/damage of products for any reason, Railways already have a well-established claim/compensation system – through which the party can get compensation for its losses.

Additional Information :

The last budget proposed the launch of Krishi Udan by Civil Aviation Ministry on international and national routes to transport perishable goods to less accessible areas such as the north-east and tribal districts.

7. OPERATION GREENS

Subject: Govt Schemes

Context :

Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) has recently extended the Operation Greens Scheme from Tomato, Onion and Potato (TOP) to all fruits & vegetables (TOTAL) for a period of six months on pilot basis as part of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.

Concept :

The objective of intervention is to protect the growers of fruits and vegetables from making distress sale due to lockdown and reduce the post -harvest losses.
Eligible Crops:- Fruits- Mango, Banana, Guava, Kiwi, Lichi, Papaya, Citrus, Pineapple, Pomegranate, Jackfruit; Vegetables: – French beans, Bitter Gourd, Brinjal, Capsicum, Carrot, Cauliflower, Chillies (Green), Okra, Onion, Potato and Tomato).
Duration of Scheme:- for the period of six months from the date of notification.
Eligible Entities:- Food Processors, FPO/FPC, Co-operative Societies, Individual farmers, Licensed Commission Agent, Exporters, State Marketing/Co- operative Federation, Retailers etc. engaged in processing/ marketing of fruits and vegetables.
Pattern of Assistance:- Ministry will provide subsidy @ 50 % of the cost of the following two components, subject to the cost norms:
Transportation of eligible crops from surplus production cluster to consumption centre; and/or
Hiring of appropriate storage facilities for eligible crops (for maximum period of 3 months)

8. Centre to borrow for states

Subject : Economy

Context : Centre to borrow ₹1.1 lakh crore on behalf of States to meet GST shortfall.

Concept :

Government of India will now undertake the required borrowings in tranches and pass it on to States as a ‘back-to-back loan’ that will reflect on their own books.
This will not have any impact on the fiscal deficit of the Government of India (GOI).
The amounts will be reflected as the capital receipts of the State Governments and as part of financing of its respective fiscal deficits.
This will avoid the prospect of individual States having to pay differential interest rates if they borrowed this corpus as a State development loan.

9. M-SAND

Subject: Economy

Context : With rising complaints on the unregulated sale of sub-standard M-sand, the Public Works Department (PWD) of Tamilnadu will convene a meeting with stakeholders on an M-sand policy .

Concept :

Manufactured sand (M-Sand) is a substitute of river sand for concrete construction .
Manufactured sand is produced from hard granite stone by crushing. It is manufactured using technology like High Carbon steel hit rock and then ROCK ON ROCK process which is synonymous to that of natural process undergoing in river sand information.
The crushed sand is of cubical shape with grounded edges, washed and graded to as a construction material. The size of M-Sand is less than 4.75mm.
Due to fast growing construction industry, the demand for sand has increased tremendously, causing deficiency of suitable river sand in most part of the word.