Daily Prelims Notes 6 August 2020

  • August 6, 2020
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN
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Table Of Contents

  1. Industrial Development and Regulation Act, 1951
  2. Jammu and Kashmir and Article 35A
  3. Gujjar and Bakkarwal communities
  4. Provisioning
  5. Environment Protection Act
  6. Pokkali rice

1. Industrial Development and Regulation Act: 1951

Subject:  Schemes/ Acts

Context:

Industrial disasters shed light on Industrial Development and Regulation Act, 1951.

Concept:

  • It was passed by the Parliament on October 1951 to control and regulate the process of Industrial development in the country.
  • The objectives of the Act were:
    • Regulation of Industrial Investment and Production according to Five Year Plans.
    • Protection of small-scale enterprises from giant enterprises.
    • Prevention of Monopolies and concentration of ownership of industries in few hands.
    • Balanced Growth and Equitable development of all the regions.
  • Major Provisions of the Act
    • Restrictive Provisions: It contains all measure provision to curb unfair trade practices.
    • Registration: The provisions make registration of industries mandatory irrespective of whether they are private or public in nature. The expansion of the existing business also required licencing and permission.
    • Examination and Monitoring of the Industries: After granting of license, it is the responsibility of the state to monitor the performance of the industries. If at any point in time, the industrial unit was found not up to the mark, under utilising its resources or charging excessive prices, the government could set up an enquiry against the unit.
    • Cancellation of the Licence:The government has the power to cancel the licence granted to the industrial unit if found, engaging in wrongful behaviour.

2. Jammu and Kashmir and Article 35A

Subject: Polity

Context:

August 5 has marked the first anniversary of the abrogation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir and conversion of the erstwhile state into two Union Territories

Article 35A

  • Article 35A allows the Jammu and Kashmir legislature to define permanent residents of the state. It was inserted through the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, which was issued by President  under Article 370
  • Special rights and privileges given to permanent residents
    1) Employment under the State Government
    2) Acquisition of immovable property in the State
    3) Settlement in the State; or
    4) Right to scholarships and such other forms of aid as the State Government

Concept:

  • After abrogation of special status, the Indian Constitution and all the 890 Central laws are fully applicable to J&K.
  • This has meant the application of 170 more Central laws to J&K, including progressive laws such as the Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1954, the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2014, the National Commission for Safai Karamcharis Act, 1993
  • Direct supervision of the Central Vigilance Commission with regard to anti-corruption cases and the setting up of the 18th Bench of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) for the UTs of J&K and Ladakh has occurred.

3. Gujjar and Bakkarwal communities

Subject: Geography

Context:

Bangas Awaam Mela’ held in Jammu and Kashmir to mark Article 370 abrogation anniversary.  It saw the participation of hundreds of Gujjars, Bakarwals.

Concept:

  • The Gujjars and Bakarwals are the two unique ethnic nomadic groups that rear flocks of sheep and goat between high and low altitudes of Western Himalayas.
  • In summer, these groups migrate to upper reaches of the valley and in winter, they take their flocks to the lower areas of the valley to protect themselves from the harsh cold.
  • The habitat of these people is in the hilly terrain of the North-Western Himalayas.

Transhumance

  • Transhumance, form of pastoralism or nomadism organized around the migration of livestock between mountain pastures in warm seasons and lower altitudes the rest of the year.

4. Provisioning

Subject: Economy

Context:

Banks need to rise the provisioning for expected bad loans rising due to pandemic hit economy

Concept:

  • Banks have to set aside or provide funds to a prescribed percentage of their bad assets.
  • The percentage of bad asset that has to be ‘provided for’ is called provisioning coverage ratio.
  • Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) is essentially the ratio of provisioning to gross non-performing assets and indicates the extent of funds a bank has kept aside to cover loan losses.
  • Thus, provisioning coverage ratio is the percentage of bad assets that the bank has to provide for (keep money) from their own funds.

5. Environment Protection Act

Subject: Environment

Context:

Environment ministry has recommended closure of LG Polymers plant in Vishakapatnam citing Section 5 of the Environment Protection Act

Concept:

  • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 authorizes the central government to protect and improve environmental quality, control and reduce pollution from all sources, and prohibit or restrict the setting and /or operation of any industrial facility on environmental grounds.
  • It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country.

6. Pokkali rice

Subject: Geography

Context:

West Bengal farmers are going to cultivate pokkali variety of rice to tide over a crisis-like situation created by severe seawater incursion into paddy fields in vast areas of the Sundarbans after the cyclone Amphan

Concept:

  • The pokkali variety of rice is known for its saltwater resistance and flourishes in the rice paddies of coastal Alappuzha, Ernakulam and Thrissur districts.
  • The uniqueness of the rice has brought it the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
Prelims Notes