“FLip” mutations of SARS-COV-2 may be evading immunity and leading to a surge in COVID cases, suggests researchers

Subject :S&T

Section : HEALTH

JN.1 Emergence:

The omicron sub-variant JN.1, featuring the L455S “FLip” spike protein mutation, is expected to become the predominant strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide.
JN.1 emerged from the BA.2.86 lineage, rapidly surpassing its predecessors and related strains due to the mutation’s impact on the spike protein.
JN.1 is expected to make up a significant proportion of SARS-CoV-2 variants, raising concerns about its transmissibility and immune evasion.
While JN.1’s prevalence increases, its specific impact on infection rates or severity remains uncertain.

Mutations and ACE2 Receptors:

ACE2 is a protein found in the epithelial cells in different parts of the body, such as the lungs, heart, and kidneys.SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2 as an entry point through the virus’ spike-like protein on its surface.
Mutations like L455S/F alter the spike protein, potentially affecting ACE2 receptor binding. This could impact transmissibility, immune evasion, and the virus’s entry point into cells.

Transmissibility vs. Danger:

Dominance doesn’t inherently imply increased danger; viruses naturally mutate. However, the L455S/F mutations may enhance transmissibility.
JN.1 displays heightened transmissibility and potential ability to evade immunity conferred by vaccines, observed in breakthrough infections and reinfections.

EG.5 Variant:

Another omicron subvariant, EG.5, remains the most reported variant of interest globally but is declining in occurrence.