Friday Factly 16 October 2020

General Studies – 2

Mental Health:

• According to National Mental Health Survey 2015-16 conducted by NIMHAS, Bengaluru every sixth person in India need help.
• According to WHO, in 2011, there were 0·301 psychiatrists and 0·047 psychologists for every 100,000 patients suffering from a mental health disorder in India. 
• It is estimated that 6-7 % of population suffers from mental disorders.
• The World Bank report (1993) revealed that the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) loss due to neuropsychiatric disorder is much higher than diarrhea, malaria, worm infestations and tuberculosis if taken individually.
• Together these disorders account for 12% of the global burden of disease (GBD) and an analysis of trends indicates this will increase to 15% by 2020 (World Health Report, 2001).
• One in four families is likely to have at least one member with a behavioral or mental disorder (WHO 2001). 

Hunger:

• There is more than enough food produced in the world to feed everyone on the planet.
• About 690 million people worldwide go to bed hungry each night.  
• Small farmers, herders, and fishermen produce about 70 percent of the global food supply, yet they are especially vulnerable to food insecurity – poverty and hunger are most acute among rural populations. 
• Conflict is a major driver of hunger: The UN estimates that 122 million of 144 million stunted children live in countries affected by conflict.
• An estimated 14 million children under the age of five worldwide suffer from severe acute malnutrition, also known as severe wasting, yet only 25 percent of severely malnourished children have access to lifesaving treatment.
• According to recent report India has more than 197 mn people living with diagnosable mental illness.
• India has 0.3 Psychiatrists and 2 mental health workers per 100,000 populations, while the desirable number is anything above 3 Psychiatrists per 100,000.
• Just 0.05 % of total health budget is invested in mental health.
• Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
• are amongst the strongest drivers of the economy with a vast network of about six crore enterprises, contributing about 45 per cent to manufacturing output, 50 per cent to exports, around 30 per cent to GDP, and creating employment for about 11 crore — second only to agriculture. 

Unpaid work

According to ILO Women dedicate 3.2 times more time than men on unpaid work:  Women -4 hr 25 mins Men: 1-23 mins

Parliament:

• The number of Bills that have been referred to parliamentary committees has shrunk dramatically from 68 (71 per cent of the total) in the 15th Lok Sabha to 24 (25 per cent of the total) in the 16th Lok Sabha — and zero in 2020.

RTI:

• Every year nearly 6mn RTI are filed.

Sedition

According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) sedition cases in 2014 there were 47 cases of sedition but that number increased to 70 in 2018.

General Studies – 3

E Waste:

• Nearly 53.6 million tonnes of E-waste was generated in 2019 globally — this was at the rate of 7.3 kilogram per capita.
• The documented average collection and recycling rates of all continents stand at a meagre 14.66 per cent, with Europe recycling 42.5 per cent of its E-waste and Africa recycling just 0.9 per cent.
• India generated 3.2 million tonnes of E-waste in 2019. Details of 90 per cent of this waste are undocumented. According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India has 312 registered E-waste recyclers with a capacity to handle 782,080.62 tonnes of E-waste every year.
• The volume of E-waste increased by 21% globally in the last 5 years; it has a doubling rate of 16 years.
• A recent report by the United Nation’s Global E-waste Monitor, 2020 estimated that in last five years, the volume of E-waste increased by 21 per cent globally. It has a doubling rate of 16 years. It has already set a record with a massive 53.6 million tonnes (MT) generated in 2019 alone.

Source: DowntoEarth

Climate Disaster

• Rainfed agriculture accounts for more than 95 per cent of farmed land in sub-Saharan Africa, 90 per cent in Latin America, 75 per cent in West Asia and North Africa, 65 per cent in East Asia and 60 per cent in South Asia.
• In India, 51 per cent of total sown areas are rainfed and these areas contribute nearly 40 per cent of the total food production in the country
• As per UNDRR report between 2000 and 2019, climate-related disasters killed over 0.51 million people while affecting 3.9 billion people worldwide. 

Farmers and Agriculture

• 86% of farmers have less than 2 hectare of land in India contributing to 60% of the food production and 50% of fruits and vegetable.