High Selenium Levels in Wheat Linked to Hair Loss

Sub : Sci

Sec: Health

Why in News

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) submitted an interim report to the Health Ministry, revealing that the consumption of wheat with high selenium levels led to significantly elevated selenium concentrations in the body, causing sudden hair loss.

Key Findings of the ICMR Report:

The ICMR-AIIMS investigation found that affected individuals had selenium levels 31 times higher than control subjects.
Selenium toxicity, known as selenosis, is characterized by symptoms like hair loss, brittle nails, and neurological issues.
The study confirmed that wheat from Public Distribution System (PDS) outlets was the primary source of excess selenium.

About Selenium:

Selenium is a nonmetal with the chemical symbol Se and atomic number 34.
It exhibits several allotropic forms, including a brick-red powder, a vitreous black solid, and a metallic grey form.
Selenium is rarely found in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth’s crust. It is typically obtained as a byproduct during the refining of metal sulphide ores.
Selenium is vital for many organisms, including humans, as it plays a crucial role in the function of certain enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, which protects cells from oxidative damage.
Selenium is present in various foods, including Brazil nuts, seafood, meats, cereals, and grains.

Applications of Selenium:

Glassmaking: Selenium is used to decolorize glass and to produce red-coloured glasses and enamels.
Electronics: Due to its photovoltaic and photoconductive properties, selenium has been utilized in photocells, light meters, and solar cells. However, its use in electronics has declined with the advent of silicon-based devices.
Pigments: Selenium compounds are employed as pigments in ceramics, paints, and plastics to impart a red colour.
Rubber Production: Selenium is used in the vulcanization of rubber to enhance its resistance to abrasion.

Selenium Toxicity (Selenosis):

Excessive selenium intake can occur through overconsumption of selenium-rich foods, supplements, or exposure to environments with high selenium levels.
Chronic selenium toxicity, known as selenosis, can manifest as:
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea)
- Hair loss and brittle nails
- Skin rashes
- Fatigue and irritability
- Neurological abnormalities
- Garlic-like odor in breath
There is no specific antidote for selenium toxicity; treatment focuses on supportive care and eliminating exposure to selenium sources.
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for selenium varies by age, sex, and life stage. For most adults, it is 55 micrograms per day.