INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Subject : Science & tech

Context : As country after country went into lockdown, people ended up buying more computers, phones, and gaming devices as they stayed at home. And since factories were shut, automakers cut down on chip purchases.

Concept :

• An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or “chip”) of semiconductor material that is normally silicon.
• ICs are the basis of all modern electronic equipment, and the chip is their brain and nerve centre.
• The integration of large numbers of tiny MOS transistors into a small chip results in circuits that are orders of magnitude smaller, faster, and less expensive than those constructed of discrete electronic components.
• The IC’s mass production capability, reliability, and building-block approach to integrated circuit design has ensured the rapid adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using discrete transistors.
• ICs are now used in virtually all electronic equipment and have revolutionized the world of electronics.
• Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the small size and low cost of ICs.