International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- November 14, 2022
- Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
- Category: DPN Topics
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International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Subject :IR
Context:
- Recently, IAEA has said that it did not see the recent misfire of a BrahMos missile as any cause of “specific concern” and that the incident did not in anyway raise any questions on the safety of nuclear weapons or material in India
What is IAEA:
- The International Atomic Energy Agency is the world’s central intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the nuclear field.
- The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations.
- It came into force on 29 July 1957.It was established in 1957 as an autonomous organization within the United Nations system.
- IAEA reports to both the General Assembly and the Security Council of the United Nations.
- It is headquartered at the UN Office at Vienna, Austria.
What is the history and origin of IAEA.
- TheS. Ratification of the Statute by President Eisenhower, on 29 July 1957, marks the official birth of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
- ‘Atoms for Peace’ was the organisation’s first name when it was formally established in 1957.
- The primary mandate of the organisation was and continues to be promoting safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies.
- The IAEA is entrusted with the task of upholding the principles of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1970.
- The IAEA, along with its former Director-General Mohamed ElBaradei, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005.
- The headquarters of the IAEA is in Vienna, Austria.
- The IAEA has regional offices in Geneva, New York, Toronto and Tokyo; and research laboratories in Austria, Italy and Monaco.
- Currently, it has 175 members.
- The latest members are Saint Kitts and Nevis; and Tonga, which joined the IAEA in 2022.
- India joined IAEA in 1957.
What is the functions of International Atomic Energy Agency:
- Works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide for Promoting and assisting the research, development and practical applications of peaceful uses of nuclear technologies.
- Establishing and administering safety guards to ensure that such research/development, by the IAEA is not used for military purposes.
What is IAEA Governance structure:
- General Conference of IAEA: It is made up of each of the IAEA’s member nations, and it convenes annually for its regular session. The yearly regular budget is established by the General Conference, and it also handles extra-budgetary budget and voluntarily provided contributions to the Technical Cooperation Fund.
- Board of Governors: It consists of 35 members. Each board member has one vote. The Board generally meets five times a year. Its key functions are-
- Recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget.
- Responsible for publishing IAEA standards.
- Responsible for making most of the policies of the IAEA.
- Appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval.
- Secretariat: Vienna International Centre, in Vienna, Austria, serves as home to the IAEA Secretariat. The Director-General and six Deputy Director-Generals oversee the Agency’s six principal divisions. The professional and administrative personnel of the IAEA make up its Secretariat
BRAHMOS
- BRAHMOS supersonic cruise missile featuring Indian propulsion system, airframe, power supply, and other major indigenous components has been successfully test-fired.
- BRAHMOS is a joint venture between the Defence Research and Development Organisation of India (DRDO) and the NPOM of Russia.
- Brahmos is named on the rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva.
- It is a two-stage (solid propellant engine in the first stage and liquid ramjet in second) air to surface missile with a flight range of around 300 km.
- Brahmos is the heaviest weapon to be deployed on Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft, with a weight of 2.5 tonnes.
- Brahmos is a multiplatform e it can be launched from land, air, and sea and multi capability missile with pinpoint accuracy that works in both day and night irrespective of the weather conditions.
- It operates on the “Fire and Forgets” principle e it does not require further guidance after launch.
- Brahmos is one of the fastest cruise missile currently operationally deployed with speed of Mach 2.8, which is 3 times more than the speed of sound. Advanced versions of range above 1000kms and speed upto Mach 5 are under development.