Livestock Health and Disease Control (LH&DC) programme
- January 18, 2022
- Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
- Category: DPN Topics
Livestock Health and Disease Control (LH&DC) programme
Subject – Government Schemes
Context – With most of India’s livestock in rural and remote areas, a game changer now will be the use of mobile veterinary units
Concept –
- For promotion of health of livestock and animals, the Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying implements a Centrally Sponsored Scheme “Livestock Health & Disease Control” (LH&DC), which envisages control & containment of economically important animal diseases by providing central financial assistance to the States.
- Under this scheme, vaccination is carried out for control of diseases like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), Brucellosis, Anthrax, Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Black Quarter (BQ), Classical Swine Fever, Ranikhet disease, etc.
- This scheme also provides for establishment & strengthening of veterinary hospitals and dispensaries for veterinary services.
- Training of veterinarians and para-veterinarians is conducted for latest techniques, technology and advancement in treatments.
The ‘Livestock Health & Disease Control’ scheme comprises of the following components –
Foot and Mouth Disease Control Programme (FMD-CP)
- Foot and mouth disease is an infectious (viral) disease that affects cloven hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids and results in reduced milk production.
- Symptoms include fever, blisters inside the mouth and on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness, excessive salivation (smacking jaw movements in cattle), neo-natal mortality, etc.
- To prevent economic losses due to this disease, the programme is implemented nationally, where central financial assistance is provided for biennial (six monthly) vaccination and surveillance.
Peste des Petits Ruminants Control Programme (PPR-CP)
- Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) or sheep /goat plague is a viral disease characterized by high fever, inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract leading to necrosis and ulceration of the mucous membrane and diarrhoea.
- PPR infection causes losses in the rural economy, both in terms of morbidity and mortality.
- The programme is presently implemented throughout the country by vaccinating all susceptible sheep & goats for which central financial assistance is provided for vaccination and surveillance.
Brucellosis Control Programme (Brucellosis-CP)
- Brucellosis, an economically important zoonotic disease has become endemic in most parts of the country. It causes early abortions in animals.
- This component was implemented since 2010 and central assistance is provided for mass vaccination of all eligible female calves between ages 6-8 months in the areas where incidence of the disease is high.
Classical Swine Fever Control Programme (CSF-CP)
- Classical swine fever is highly contagious and potentially a fatal viral disease that affects pigs.
- This disease is a major constraint to the development of pig farming in the North East part of the country where pig farming is a major source of livelihood for most households.
- In order to control the CSF disease in pigs, central assistance is provided for vaccination against Classical Swine Fever under the component – ‘Classical Swine Fever Control Programme’ (CSF-CP).
Assistance to States for Control of Animal Diseases (ASCAD)
- Under this component, assistance is provided to State/Union Territory Governments for control of economically important and zoonotic diseases of livestock and poultry by immunization, strengthening of the existing State Veterinary Biological Production Unitsand ofthe existing Disease Diagnostic Laboratories as well asfor providing in-service training to veterinarians and para-veterinarians.
- Funds are provided also for vaccination against canine rabies and for control of endo-parasites in cattle and buffaloes.
National Project on Rinderpest Surveillance and Monitoring (NPRSM)
- Under this component, assistance is given to strengthen surveillance to maintain the country’s freedom from Rinderpest & Contagious Bovine Pleuro-Pneumonia (CBPP) infections, secured in May 2006 and May 2007, respectively.
National Animal Disease Reporting System (NADRS)
- NADRS is an on-line system of animal disease reporting linking each Block, District and State Headquarters to the Central Disease Reporting and Monitoring Unit in New Delhi.
Establishment &Strengthening of Existing Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries (ESVHD)
- In order to help States establish new veterinary hospitals and dispensaries as well as strengthen/equip the existing ones as well as run mobile veterinary ambulances, the Department provides financial assistance under this component.
Professional Efficiency Development (PED)
- Under this component, assistance is given to the State Veterinary Councils and the Veterinary Council of India (VCI) to carry out their statutory functions under the Indian Veterinary Council Act, 1984 as well as to carry out Continuous Veterinary Education (CVE) for in-service veterinarians.
To know about One-Health, please refer October 2021 DPN.
“Priority Pathogens”
The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens” — a catalogue of 12 species/families of bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health.
Priority 1: CRITICAL
- Acinetobacterbaumannii, carbapenem-resistant
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant
- Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant, ESBL-producing
Priority 2: HIGH
- Enterococcus faecium, vancomycin-resistant
- Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and resistant
- Helicobacter pylori, clarithromycin-resistant
- Campylobacter spp., fluoroquinolone-resistant
- Salmonellae, fluoroquinolone-resistant
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae, cephalosporin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-resistant
Priority 3: MEDIUM
- Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-non-susceptible
- Haemophilus influenzae, ampicillin-resistant
- Shigella spp., fluoroquinolone-resistant