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Made-in-India Web Browser

  • March 22, 2025
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Made-in-India Web Browser

Sub : Sci

Sec: Awareness in IT and Computer

Why in News

  • The Indian government has taken a significant step towards promoting an indigenous web browser by awarding a prize of ₹1 crore to Zoho Corporation, a Tenkasi-based company, for developing the web browser ‘Ulaa.’ A key requirement for this initiative is that the browser must trust India’s root certifying authority, ensuring greater cybersecurity and digital independence.

Details:

  • The project aims to enhance India’s digital sovereignty by ensuring that an Indian-developed web browser relies on domestic encryption mechanisms.
  • This initiative also acts as a contingency plan to maintain an operational internet ecosystem within India in case of global disruptions.
  • The new browser, Ulaa, is expected to strengthen India’s position in negotiations with global technology firms like Google and Mozilla.

Root Certifying Authorities (RCAs):

  • RCAs are entities that certify the trustworthiness of firms issuing Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates, which are denoted by “https” in web addresses.
  • Globally, there are about 100 RCAs responsible for maintaining online security.
  • The presence of an Indian root certifying authority ensures that the country has control over digital security infrastructure.
  • The Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA), under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), has developed India’s root certificate.
  • At present, only one Indian private firm, eMudhra’s emSign, is recognized as a trusted root certifying authority by international web browsers.

Secure Socket Layer (SSL):

  • SSL is a cryptographic protocol designed to secure communication over the internet by encrypting data between a web server and a browser.
  • SSL has been replaced by Transport Layer Security (TLS) since SSL 3.0 was deprecated due to security vulnerabilities.
  • It ensures confidentiality, integrity, and authentication in online communications.
  • Issued by Certificate Authorities (CAs) to verify website authenticity and enable HTTPS encryption.
  • Websites using SSL/TLS display a padlock icon and “https://” in the browser address bar.
  • Uses asymmetric encryption for authentication and symmetric encryption for data transmission.
Made-in-India Web Browser Science and tech

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