Optimize IAS
  • Home
  • About Us
  • Free Initiatives
    • Daily Practice Sheets
    • Daily Prelims Notes
    • Prelims Power Play
    • Mains Factly
    • Sunday Essay Sadhna
    • Mains Master Notes
  • Courses
    • Prelims 2023
      • Laqshya 2023
      • Laqshya 2023 OPTIMA
    • Integrated Guidance 2023
      • ARJUNA Prime 2023
      • ARJUNA 2023
    • Mains Guidance 2023
      • DPS Prime (Current)
      • Mains Mentorship Program (Static)
    • CSE Interview Mentorship
    • ESSAY MASTER CLASS 2023
    • ETHICS MASTER CLASS 2023
  • Downloads
    • Daily Prelims Notes Compilation
    • Daily Practice Sheet Compilation
    • PPP Compilation
    • PSIR Notes
    • General Studies Notes
    • UPSC Mains Previous Year Papers
  • Portal Login
  • Home
  • About Us
  • Free Initiatives
    • Daily Practice Sheets
    • Daily Prelims Notes
    • Prelims Power Play
    • Mains Factly
    • Sunday Essay Sadhna
    • Mains Master Notes
  • Courses
    • Prelims 2023
      • Laqshya 2023
      • Laqshya 2023 OPTIMA
    • Integrated Guidance 2023
      • ARJUNA Prime 2023
      • ARJUNA 2023
    • Mains Guidance 2023
      • DPS Prime (Current)
      • Mains Mentorship Program (Static)
    • CSE Interview Mentorship
    • ESSAY MASTER CLASS 2023
    • ETHICS MASTER CLASS 2023
  • Downloads
    • Daily Prelims Notes Compilation
    • Daily Practice Sheet Compilation
    • PPP Compilation
    • PSIR Notes
    • General Studies Notes
    • UPSC Mains Previous Year Papers
  • Portal Login

Moderna’s mRNA cancer vaccine shows promise in early trial

  • December 14, 2022
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
No Comments
Print Friendly, PDF & Email

 

 

Moderna’s mRNA cancer vaccine shows promise in early trial

Subject :Science and Technology

Context-

  • A customized Moderna Inc. vaccine combined with a Merck & Co. cancer drug helped ward off the recurrence of the skin cancer melanoma after surgery in patients in a mid-stage clinical trial.

Detail-

  • A combination of the Moderna’s experimental cancer vaccine and Merck’s immunotherapy drug Keytruda reduced the risk of death or recurrence of melanoma in high-risk patients by 44 per cent compared with treatment using only Keytruda.
  • Scientists have long studied the potential of using mRNA technology — which is best known for being used successfully in Covid-19 jabs — to deliver a vaccine that teaches the body’s immune system to target cancer tumours.

What is mRNA Vaccine Technology?

  • mRNA vaccines use mRNA (messenger RNA) to teach our cells how to make a protein or a protein that triggers an immune response inside our bodies.
  • That immune response, which produces antibodies, is what protects us from getting infected if the real virus enters our bodies.

How are mRNA Vaccines Different From Traditional Vaccines?

  • Vaccines work by training the body to recognise and respond to the proteins produced by disease-causing organisms, such as a virus or bacteria.
  • Traditional vaccines are made up of small or inactivated doses of the whole disease-causing organism, or the proteins that it produces, which are introduced into the body to provoke the immune system into mounting a response.
  • mRNA vaccinestricks the body into producing some of the viral proteins itself.
  • They work by using mRNA, or messenger RNA, which is the molecule that essentially puts DNA instructions into action. Inside a cell, mRNA is used as a template to build a protein.

What are the Advantages of Using mRNA Based Vaccines?

  • mRNA vaccines are considered safe as mRNA is non-infectious, non-integrating in nature, and degraded by standard cellular mechanisms.
  • They are highly efficacious because of their inherent capability of being translatable into the protein structure inside the cell cytoplasm.
  • Additionally, mRNA vaccines are fully synthetic and do not require a host for growth, e.g., eggs or bacteria. Therefore, they can be quickly manufactured inexpensively to ensure their “availability” and “accessibility” for mass vaccination on a sustainable basis.

Melanoma carcinoma:

  • Melanoma is the rarest and dangerous type of skin cancer.
  • It develops in cells called melanocytes.
  • Melanocytes produce melanin which is responsible for skin color.
  • The exact reason for melanoma is not yet found.
  • Younger women (under the age of 35- 40) are more prone to this disease.

Causes of Melanoma carcinoma:

  • The exact cause of Melanoma carcinoma is not clear .
  • Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight increases the risk of developing melanoma.
  • Limiting one’s exposure to UV radiation can help reduce your risk of melanoma.

Symptoms of Melanoma carcinoma:

  • This skin cancer can develop anywhere on the human body such as legs, arms, and face.
  • Few visible symptoms are:
    • Change in existing mole.
    • Change in the sensation.
    • Unusual growth of the skin.
    • Appearance of new spot on the skin.
    • Risk factors for Melanoma carcinoma:

Treatment for Melanoma carcinoma:

  • Treatment of melanoma generally depends on the severity of the disease. Following are the treatments available for melanoma.
    • Chemotherapy
    • Affected melanocytes are removed through surgery.
    • Immunotherapy is used to treat melanoma. IMLYGIC, OPDIVO, KEYTRUDA, and ZELBORAF are Immunotherapy treatment approved by the FDA to treat melanoma skin cancer.
Moderna’s mRNA cancer vaccine shows promise in early trial Science and tech
Print Friendly, PDF & Email
Loading

Recent Posts

  • Prelims Power Play 3 February 2023 February 4, 2023
  • Daily Practice Sheet 4 February 2023 February 4, 2023
  • Discuss the need to regulate Chat GPT. February 4, 2023
  • Discuss the challenges in EV transition. February 4, 2023
  • Why is Myanmar important for India? Is India losing to China in Myanmar? February 4, 2023
  • Analyse the India Myanmar relations. February 4, 2023
  • The health and education of Indians is the most important determinant of what the country can achieve during the next 25 years of Amrit Kaal. In this context, discuss the issue plaguing Indian health system February 4, 2023
  • What is JPC? Discuss its role. February 4, 2023
  • Discuss the role of Parliament in Indian polity. February 4, 2023
  • Does The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 lead to internet censorship? February 4, 2023

About

If IAS is your destination, begin your journey with Optimize IAS.

Hi There, I am Santosh I have the unique distinction of clearing all 6 UPSC CSE Prelims with huge margins.

I mastered the art of clearing UPSC CSE Prelims and in the process devised an unbeatable strategy to ace Prelims which many students struggle to do.

Free Initiatives

  • Daily Practice Sheets
  • Daily Prelims Notes
  • Mains Factly
  • Prelims Power Play
  • Sunday Essay Sadhna

My Proven Strategy

  • Interview Strategy
  • Mains Strategy
  • Motivational
  • Prelims Strategy

Contact us

moc.saiezimitpo@tcatnoc

For More Details

Work with Us

Connect With Me

Santosh Pandey Quora Santosh Sir Telegram Santosh Sir Youtube Optimize IAS Instagram

Course Portal
Search