Modi says toilet coverage reached 100% after launch of Swachh Bharat Mission
- October 3, 2024
- Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
- Category: DPN Topics
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Modi says toilet coverage reached 100% after launch of Swachh Bharat Mission
Sub : Schemes
Sec: Health
Context:
- 2024 marks the 10th anniversary of the Swachh Bharat Mission.
Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)
- The SBM or Clean India Mission was launched on October 2, 2014, to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management.
- Target population: Particularly aimed at improving sanitation for marginalized communities (Dalits, tribals, women).
- The urban component of the mission is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, and the rural component by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
- Community Participation: Engaged NGOs, celebrities, and local communities to promote cleanliness and sanitation as a public movement.
Key Achievements:
- Over 12 crore toilets constructed since the launch.
- Toilet coverage increased from less than 40% to 100%.
- Increased awareness and participation in sanitation initiatives.
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)
- The SBM(G) was launched on 2nd October 2014. It aimed to ensure cleanliness in rural areas through Solid and Liquid Waste Management activities and make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) in Five Years (2014-2019).
- Having achieved the milestone of an ODF India, the aim now is overall cleanliness (Sampoorn Swachhata) in villages. e., sustaining the ODF status and managing solid and liquid waste by 2024-25 and transforming all the villages from ODF to ODF Plus Model.
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban (SBM – U)
- Launched on October 2, 2014, as part of the broader Swachh Bharat Mission, SBM-U focuses on enhancing sanitation and hygiene in urban areas across India.
- Objectives:
- elimination of open defecation
- conversion of unsanitary toilets to pour flush toilets
- eradication of manual scavenging
- municipal solid waste management and
- bringing about a behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices.
SBM-U 2.0:
- The Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) 2.0 was launched in 2021 along with Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2.0.
- It aims to make all cities ‘Garbage Free’.
- SBM-U 2.0 will ensure grey and black water management in all cities, other than those covered under AMRUT.
- The mission focusses on source segregation of solid waste.
Swachh Bharat Kosh:
- The government in 2014 formally launched the Swachh Bharat Kosh (fund) to facilitate channelisation of philanthropic contributions and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds towards this cause.
- The fund is aimed at finance activities such as construction of new toilets as well as repair and renovation of dysfunctional toilets in rural areas, urban areas, elementary, secondary and senior secondary government schools, anganwaadis.
Significance of the mission:
- The initiative is critical for improving public health and hygiene standards in India.
- Aligns with global goals for sustainable development, particularly in sanitation (SDG 6).
Impact on Society:
- Addressed issues of dignity and health, especially for women and marginalized groups.
- Changed public perception of sanitation workers (safaimitras), leading to increased respect and pride in their work.
- Increased awareness and participation in sanitation initiatives.
Key Terminology:
- Safaimitras: Sanitation workers involved in cleaning and maintaining hygiene.
- Open Defecation Free (ODF): A status indicating that a community has eliminated open defecation.
- ODF Plus: ODF Plus refers to a village that has maintained its Open Defecation Free (ODF) status and has solid and liquid waste management systems in place.
Three stages of ODF Plus villages:
- ODF Plus Aspiring: A village that has ODF status and either solid or liquid waste management
- ODF Plus Rising: A village that has ODF status and both solid and liquid waste management
- ODF Plus Model: A village that has ODF status, both solid and liquid waste management, and is visually clean.