Nematocyst: a cellular weapon

Nematocyst: a cellular weapon

Subject: Environment

Section: Species in news

Nematocysts’ Role in Defense and Hunting:

• Nematocysts are specialized cells found in jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydras, andact as potent weapons for defence and hunting.
• Composed of capsules containing coiled tubules and toxins, nematocysts rapidly eject these tubules with extreme acceleration when triggered.

• Nematocysts play a crucial role in the feeding and defence strategies of cnidarians in particular. Cnidarians are animals that contain cells called cnidocytes.
• When potential prey comes into contact with a cnidocyte, specialised sensory structures on the cell’s surface trigger the release of the nematocyst. The tubule then unfurls, piercing the prey’s outer layer or injecting toxins into its body.

Variety of Toxins:

• Toxins within nematocysts have diverse effects: some paralyze prey, while others break down cells.
• Cnidarians employ a combination of toxins for effective predation or defence.

Adaptation for Survival:

• Nematocysts’ complexity contributes to cnidarians’ success in diverse aquatic environments.
• This adaptation makes cnidarians formidable creatures, aiding in their survival and dominance in various ecosystems.

Source: The Hindu