Nutritional Concerns in Packaged Foods

Sub : ECO

Sec: MSC

Why in News

Recent research on packaged convenience foods has raised concerns about their nutritional composition, particularly high carbohydrate and fat content. The study highlights issues in food labelling practices and their impact on public health in India.

Issues in Food Labelling:

Non-Compliance with FSSAI Regulations: Many products lack “per 100 g,” “100 ml,” or “per serving” nutritional information as mandated. Misleading claims, such as whole-grain content not listed in the ingredient section.
Lack of Clarity: Inconsistent and hard-to-interpret labelling makes it difficult for consumers to make informed choices.

Health Implications of Changing Diet Patterns:

Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (2022-23): Indians are spending more on processed foods and beverages.
Economic Survey of India: 56.4% of India’s disease burden is linked to unhealthy diets.
Excessive carbohydrates strain the pancreas, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Front-of-Pack (FoP) Labelling:

Front-of-Pack (FoP) labelling refers to the display of key nutritional information on the front of packaged food products.
Objective: To provide consumers with a quick and clear understanding of the product’s nutritional profile, particularly regarding components like fat, sugar, and sodium, which are linked to health risks when consumed in excess.

Types of FoP Labelling:

Interpretive Labels: Use colour codes (e.g., traffic light system) or symbols to convey health risks.

A red label indicates high levels of sugar or fat, yellow for moderate levels, and green for low levels.

Summary Indicators: Provide a single health rating or score for the product.
Warning Labels: Simple and direct indicators, such as “High in Sugar” or “High in Sodium.”

Carbohydrates:

Major energy source in packaged foods; 70% energy in most products.
Excessive Intake: Risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Deficiency: Fatigue, lack of energy, and impaired brain function.

Fats:

Excessive Intake: Risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and fatty liver.
Deficiency: Hormonal imbalance and deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).

Sugar:

Beverage mixes have high sugar content.
Excessive Intake: Risk of diabetes, tooth decay, and weight gain.
Deficiency: Rare; can cause low energy levels and hypoglycemia.