Quantum entanglement

Quantum entanglement

Subject:  Science and Tech 

Context:

Recognising the importance of quantum technology, the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India had initiated a programme called QuEST at a modest 200- crore-rupee budget to explore the possibilities and engage with the researchers.

Concept:

Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a pair or group of particles is generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in a way such that the quantum state of each particle of the pair or group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, including when the particles are separated by a large distance. Entanglement is a primary feature of quantum mechanics lacking in classical mechanics.

Potential Uses of Entanglement:

Entanglement has many applications in quantum information theory. With the aid of entanglement, otherwise impossible tasks may be achieved.

• Among the best-known applications of entanglement are super dense coding and quantum teleportation.
• Most researchers believe that entanglement is necessary to realize quantum computing.
• Entanglement is used in some protocols of quantum cryptography.
• This is because the “shared noise” of entanglement makes for an excellent one-time pad.
• Moreover, since measurement of either member of an entangled pair destroys the entanglement they share, entanglement-based quantum cryptography allows the sender and receiver to more easily detect the presence of an interceptor.
• In interferometry, entanglement is necessary for surpassing the standard quantum limit and achieving the Heisenberg limit.