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Reasons for treatment resistance in prostate cancer found

  • December 18, 2022
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Reasons for treatment resistance in prostate cancer found

Subject : Science and Technology

Context:

  • Prostate cancer cell dynamics at a single-cell resolution across the time span of the disease — from its beginning to the point of androgen independence, where the tumour no longer responds to hormone, deprivation therapy has now been characterised.

Research analysis:

  • Researchers have found that a gene called Pten, which codes for a tumour-suppressing enzyme, is inactive in the majority of advanced prostate cancer patients.
  • This suggests that basal cells can transform into intermediate cells (expansion of these cells causes prostate cancer) upon Pten deletion.
  • In the intermediate cells, the researchers discovered that a 5-gene signature is specifically enriched.
  • Using two datasets of bulk RNA-sequencing from prostate cancer patients, they showed that the signature is associated with treatment resistance and poor clinical outcomes.

Significance of the findings:

  • An expansion of intermediate cells correlates with resistance to treatment and poor clinical outcomes in humans.
  • These cells are castration-resistant, meaning they continue to grow in the absence of testosterone and could explain how prostate tumours become resistant to hormone-related treatments.
  • These findings suggest that a 5-gene signature derived from prostate cancer may have importance in understanding human disease.
  • The presence of this gene signature may serve as a useful prognostic tool for predicting treatment resistance and outcomes in patients.

Prostate cancer:

  • It is cancer in a man’s prostate, a small walnut-sized gland that produces seminal fluid.
    • The prostate gland epithelium — a type of body tissue that forms the surface of glands and organs — is typically composed of two types of epithelial cells: basal cells and highly differentiated luminal cells (cells which have altered in form).
  • Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males in the U.S.
  • This is due to incomplete knowledge of the cellular drivers behind the disease’s progression and the risk of progressing to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Reasons for treatment resistance in prostate cancer found Science and tech
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