Scientists shocked to discover new species of green anaconda, the world’s biggest snake

Subject: Environment

Section: Species in news

Recent findings about Green anacondas:

Recent research has significantly altered the scientific understanding of the green anaconda, revealing that what was thought to be a single species is actually two genetically distinct species.
This discovery challenges previous perceptions and highlights the importance of revising conservation strategies for these top jungle predators.
The identification of substantial genetic differences between the two species of anacondas underscores the need for tailored conservation efforts to address threats like climate change, habitat degradation, and pollution.
Additionally, this finding emphasizes the critical necessity of understanding the diversity of Earth’s flora and fauna.

Untangling anaconda genes:

The known species, Eunectes murinus, has been named the “southern green anaconda” and is found in Peru, Bolivia, French Guiana, and Brazil.
The newly identified species, Eunectes akayima or “northern green anaconda,” inhabits Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
Genetic analysis revealed a significant divergence between the two species, estimated to have occurred nearly 10 million years ago, with a genetic difference of 5.5%, a substantial variation considering the genetic difference between humans and apes is about 2%.
Despite their genetic differences and lack of obvious geographical barriers separating them, the two species appear nearly identical.

About Green anacondas:

Green anacondas, known for being the world’s heaviest and among the longest snakes, are native to South America’s rivers and wetlands.
They are notable for their speed and ability to capture and consume large prey.
Historically recognized as one of four species, the green anaconda, also known as the giant anaconda, stands as a colossal figure in the reptile world.
The largest females can exceed seven meters in length and weigh over 250 kilograms, making them apex predators in their environments.
Adapted for aquatic life, they have their nostrils and eyes positioned atop their heads, allowing them to see and breathe while submerged.
Their olive colour and large black spots camouflage them in the South American Amazon and Orinoco basins’ waterways, where they utilize their stealth, patience, and agility to ambush prey such as capybaras, caimans, and deer.
Unlike venomous snakes, green anacondas employ their powerful bodies and large jaws to constrict and swallow their prey whole.

Their ecological role:

As apex predators, green anacondas play a critical role in maintaining ecological balance, influencing the behaviour of various species and indicating the health of their ecosystems.
Their sensitivity to environmental changes means that healthy anaconda populations reflect vibrant ecosystems, while declining numbers may signal environmental distress.

Source: DTE