Semaglutide: Revolutionizing Diabetes and Obesity Treatment Amidst Challenges in India
- November 8, 2024
- Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
- Category: DPN Topics
Semaglutide: Revolutionizing Diabetes and Obesity Treatment Amidst Challenges in India
Sub : Sci
Sec :Health
Why in News
The drug Semaglutide, specifically under brand names like Ozempic and Wegovy, has garnered widespread attention globally due to its dual efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. Although its injectable form has made headlines internationally, the oral version is now available in India, enabling significant advancements in diabetes care and weight management. However, its high cost, limited access, and side effects pose challenges in a country where diabetes and obesity rates are on the rise.
About Semaglutide:
Semaglutide belongs to the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. It mimics the GLP-1 hormone produced by the small intestine post-eating, aiding digestion, insulin release, and appetite suppression.
It aids in type 2 diabetes management by increasing insulin production, lowering glucagon secretion, and slowing gastric emptying to help control blood glucose levels
Ozempic (injectable for diabetes), Wegovy (injectable for chronic weight management), and Rybelsus (oral tablet).
The U.S. FDA approved Ozempic in 2017 for diabetes and Wegovy in 2021 for weight management.
What is GLP-1?
GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by stimulating insulin production, reducing appetite, and slowing gastric emptying. GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide are designed to enhance these effects, helping control blood sugar and manage body weight​
Advantages of Semaglutide:
Blood Sugar Control: Effective in lowering HbA1c, which is crucial in managing diabetes.
Weight Loss: Helps reduce appetite, leading to significant weight loss in patients with obesity and diabetes.
Anti-inflammatory Effects: May offer additional health benefits, such as potentially aiding asthma treatment due to its anti-inflammatory properties​
Concerns and Risks:
Side Effects: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and digestive issues. Some users may experience more severe gastrointestinal problems.
Long-term Safety: Limited long-term data is available on its extended use, especially at high doses for weight management.
Cost and Accessibility: High cost and limited insurance coverage can restrict access to this medication​
About Diabetes:
Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin dysfunction. There are three primary types: Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes (GDM), each with distinct causes, symptoms, and management needs.
Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmune disorder where the immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Leads to little or no insulin production, requiring daily insulin injections for glucose management.
Typically diagnosed in children or young adults; previously known as “juvenile diabetes.”
Type 2 Diabetes: Body’s ineffective use of insulin; linked to obesity and physical inactivity. Accounts for over 95% of diabetes cases globally.
Gestational Diabetes (GDM): High blood glucose levels during pregnancy, leading to health risks for both mother and child.
Generally, resolves post-pregnancy but increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes in the mother and child later in life.