Subramania Bharati: Indian Poet, Writer, and Reformer
- August 7, 2023
- Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
- Category: DPN Topics
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Subramania Bharati: Indian Poet, Writer, and Reformer
Subject: History
Section: Modern India
Context:
President Droupadi Murmu on Sunday unveiled a portrait of nationalist Tamil poet-journalist Subramania Bharathi at the Raj Bhavan here. She also renamed the Durbar Hall on the campus as ‘Bharathiar Mandapam’.
Introduction:
- Subramania Bharati, a prominent Indian literary figure, was celebrated for his multifaceted contributions as a poet, writer, journalist, and social reformer.
- He is often referred to by the honorifics “Mahakavi Bharati” or “Bharathiyar,” which signify his esteemed status in the literary realm.
Life and Timeline:
- Bharati was born on December 11, 1882, in Ettayapuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
- He passed away at the age of 38 on September 11, 1921, leaving behind a profound legacy.
Literary Contributions:
- Bharati’s literary works encompassed a wide range of themes, reflecting his deep insights into Indian society and its challenges.
- In the late 19th century, Bharati began his literary journey, contributing to various Tamil newspapers and magazines.
- During 1900-1907, he composed stirring nationalist poetry, including “Vande Mataram” (originally composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay) in 1907, which became an anthem for India’s struggle for freedom.
- He published the sensational “Sudesa Geethangal” in 1908.
- In 1912, “Panchali Sabatham” emerged as a significant work, criticizing social injustices and advocating for reform.
- an epic poem based on the Mahabharata
- His collection “Kuyil Pattu” (1912) and “Kannan Pattu” (1912) portrayed nature’s beauty and human emotions.
- “Kannan Pattu” explored spirituality and devotion through Lord Krishna’s life, composed in 1912.
- The iconic “PuthiyaAathichudi” was penned in 1910, emphasizing human values and unity.
- “Desa Matrikai” (1910) celebrated India’s diverse culture while promoting a united identity.
- During 1910-1911, Bharati contributed to newspapers like “India,” passionately critiquing colonial rule.
- “Pudhumai Penn” (1912) empowered women, while “Nindru Kol” (1910) urged the youth to be socially responsible.
- During his association with newspapers like “India,” he coined slogans like “சுதந்திரம்விடுதலைவன்” (Freedom Fighter).
- Bharati’s writings, while deeply rooted in India, resonated globally, inspiring freedom movements.
- In 1949, he became the first poet whose works were nationalised by the state government.
Role in Indian Independence Movement:
- Bharati played an active role in India’s fight for independence from British colonial rule.
- His powerful translation and adaptation of “Vande Mataram,” originally composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, transformed the song into a potent rallying cry for the nation’s freedom fighters.
Advocacy for Social Reform:
- Recognizing the entrenched caste-based discrimination prevalent in society, Bharati employed his writings to champion the cause of social reform.
- His fervent appeals for equality among different social groups struck a chord with many, encouraging a more inclusive and just society.
Empowerment of Women:
- A progressive thinker ahead of his time, Bharati staunchly advocated for the rights and empowerment of women.
- His writings challenged prevailing gender norms and encouraged the participation of women in various aspects of society.
Nationalism and United India:
- Bharati’s deep-seated nationalism found expression in his impassioned writings that celebrated the spirit of India and its diverse cultural heritage.
- He ardently believed in the idea of a united India, advocating for the dissolution of regional and linguistic barriers to foster a stronger national identity.
Impact and Legacy:
- Bharati’s contributions have had a lasting impact on Tamil literature, with his works continuing to inspire generations of readers.
- His writings not only ignited a sense of patriotism but also awakened social consciousness and political awareness among the masses.