The Hidden Dangers of Rhodamine B

The Hidden Dangers of Rhodamine B

Sub: Sci

Sec: Health

Why in News

• Rhodamine B, a synthetic dye used in various industries, has been found in food products, raising significant health concerns. Recent bans in India and stricter global regulations underscore its potential dangers, especially its carcinogenic properties.

Rhodamine B:

• A synthetic dye known for its bright pink hue, used in textiles, paper, and leather industries.
• Valued for its fluorescent properties in research.
• Prolonged exposure can cause DNA damage, mutations, and potentially cancerous growths.
• Studies link Rhodamine B to tumour development in organs such as the liver and bladder.
• Laboratory tests reveal DNA damage and oxidative stress caused by the dye.
• Children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible due to their reduced ability to detoxify harmful substances.
• FDA Regulations: Prohibited Rhodamine B in food products for decades.
• European Union: Classified Rhodamine B as a “substance of very high concern.”
• Early 1990s: Banned in cosmetics due to carcinogenic and skin sensitization risks.
• Indian Perspective: Illegally used to enhance the visual appeal of foods, posing significant health risks.
• State-Level Bans:
  • Tamil Nadu (February 2024): Banned cotton candy after detecting Rhodamine B in samples.
  • Karnataka (March 2024): Prohibited its use in street foods like “Gobi Manchurian” and cotton candy, imposing strict penalties.
• Formation: Rhodamine B is a xanthene dye synthesized chemically through condensation reactions involving phthalic anhydride and diethyl-m-aminophenol.
• Key Features:
  • Xanthene Core: Central chromophore responsible for its fluorescent properties.
  • Amino Groups: Enhance solubility and reactivity.
  • Chloride Ion: Balances the cationic nature of the dye.