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Treaty on Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

  • January 4, 2022
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Treaty on Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

Subject – IR

Context – World powers vow to stop spread of nuclear weapons

Concept –

  • The NPT is a multilateral treaty aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons including three elements: (1) non-proliferation, (2) disarmament, and (3) peaceful use of nuclear energy.
  • These elements constitute a “grand bargain” between the five nuclear weapon states and the non-nuclear weapon states.
  • The treaty was signed in 1968 and entered into force in 1970. Presently, it has 190 member states.
  • It is the only binding commitment in a multilateral treaty to the goal of disarmament by the nuclear-weapon States.
  • Year 2020 marked the 50thanniversary of the entry-into-force of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), a legal instrument treated as the cornerstone of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime.
  • Four UN member states have never accepted the NPT, three of which possess or are thought to possess nuclear weapons: India, Israel, and Pakistan.

Key provisions:

  • The Treaty defines nuclear weapon states (NWS) as those that had manufactured and detonated a nuclear explosive device prior to 1 January 1967. All the other states are therefore considered non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS).
  • The five nuclear weapon states are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
  • The Treaty does not affect the right of state parties to develop, produce, and use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

Role of States:

  • Nuclear weapon states are not to transfer to any recipient whatsoever nuclear weapons and not to assist, encourage, or induce any NNWS to manufacture or otherwise acquire them.
  • Non-nuclear weapons states are not to receive nuclear weapons from any transferor, and are not to manufacture or acquire them.
  • NNWS must accept the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)safeguards on all nuclear materials on their territories or under their control.

India’s Stand on NPT

  • India is one of the only five countries that either did not sign the NPT or signed but withdrew, thus becoming part of a list that includes Pakistan, Israel, North Korea, and South Sudan.
  • India always considered the NPT as discriminatory and had refused to sign it.
  • India has opposed the international treaties aimed at non-proliferation since they were selectively applicable to the non-nuclear powers and legitimised the monopoly of the five nuclear weapons powers.
IR Treaty on Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

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