UPSC Mains 2018: General Studies Paper-4

UPSC IAS Mains 2018: General Studies Paper-4 Question Paper

SECTION A

Q1.     (a)  State the three basic value, universal in nature, in the context of civil Services and bring out their importance. (150 words)  10

(b) Distinguish between ‘’ Code of ethics’’ and Code of conduct’’ with Suitable examples. (150 words)  10

Q2.     (a)  What is meant by public interest? What are the principles and  Procedures to be followed by the civil servants in public interest?  (150 words) 10

(b)   ‘’The Right to Information Act is not all about citizens’ empowerment alone, it essentially redefines the concept of accountability.’’ Discuss.  (150 words) 10

Q3      (a)   What is meant by conflict of interest? Illustrate with examples, the  difference between the actual and potential conflicts of interest.   (150 words) 10

(b)  ‘’In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities : integrity,  intelligence and energy. And if they do not have the first, the other  two will kill you’’ – Warren Buffett.  What do you understand by this statement in the present-day? scenario? Explain. (150 words)        10

Q4      (a)  ‘’In doing a good thing, everything is permitted which is not prohibited expressly or by clear implication.’’ Examine the statement with suitable examples in the context of a public servant discharging his/her duties. (150 words)     10

(b)    With regard to morality of actions, one view is that means are of   paramount importance and the other view is that the ends justify the  means. Which view do you think is more appropriate? Justify your                       answer.(150 words)   10

Q5      (a)   Suppose the Government of India is thinking of constructing a dam in  a mountain valley bound by forests and inhabited by ethnic communities. What rational policy should it resort to in dealing with unforeseen Contingencies? (150 words)   10

(b)     Explain the process of resolving ethical dilemmas in Public Administration. (150 words)  10

Q6.     What do each of the following quotation mean to you in the present context?

(a)     ‘’The true rule, in determining to embrace, or reject any thing, is not whether it has any evil in it; but whether it has more evil than good. There are few things wholly evil or wholly good. Almost everything,  especially of government policy, is an inseparable compound of the two; so that our best judgment of the preponderance between them is continually demanded.’’- Abraham Lincoln   (150 Words)       10

(b)    ‘’ Anger and  intolerance are the enemies of correct understanding.’’- Mahatma Gandhi (150 Words)    10

(c)   ‘’Falsehood takes the place of truth when it results in unblemished Common good.’’- Tirukkural (150 words)  10

SECTION B

Q7      Rakesh is a responsible district level officer, who enjoys the trust of his higher officials. Knowing his honesty, the government entrusted him with the responsibility of identifying the beneficiaries under a healthcare scheme meant for senior citizens.

The criteria to be a beneficiary are the following :

(a)       60 years of age or above

(b)       Belonging to a reserved community

(c)       Family income of loss than 1 lakh per annum.

(d)       Post-treatment prognosis is likely to be high to make positive difference to the quality of life of the beneficiary.

One day, an old couple visited Rakesh’s office with their application. They have been the residents of a village in his district since their birth. The old man is diagnosed with a rare condition that causes obstruction in large intestine. As a consequence, he has severe abdominal pain frequently that prevents him from doing any physical labour. The couple have no children to support them. The expert surgeon whom they contacted no children to support them. The expert surgeon whom they contacted is willing to do the surgery without charging any fee. However, the couple will have to bear the cost of incidental charges, such as medicines, hospitalization, etc., to the tune of 1 lakh. The couple fulfils all the criteria ‘b’. However any financial aid would certainly make a significant difference in their quality of life.

How should Rakesh respond to the situation? (250 words)     20

Q8.     As a senior officer in the Ministry, you access to important policy decisions and upcoming big announcements such as road construction projects before they are notified in the public domain. The Ministry is about to announce a mega road project which the drawings are already in place. Sufficient care was taken by planners to make use of the government land with minimum land acquisition from private parties. Compensation rate for private parties was also finalized as per government rules. Care was also taken to minimize deforestation. Once the project is announced, it is expected that there will be a huge spurt in real estate prices in and around that area.

Meanwhile, the Minister concerned insists that you realign the road in such a way that it comes closer to his 20 acres farm house. He also suggests that he would facilitate purchase of a big plot of land in your wife’s name at the prevailing rate which is very nominal, in and around the proposed mega road project. He also tries to convince you by saying that there is no harm in it as he is buying land legally. He even promises to supplement your savings in case you do not have sufficient funds to buys the land. However, by the act of realignment, a lot of agricultural land has to be acquired, thereby causing considerable financial burden on the government, and so displacement of the of the farmers. As if this is not enough, it will involve cutting down of a large number of trees, denuding the area of its green cover.

Faced with this situation, what will you do ? Critically examine various conflicts of interest and explain what are your responsibilities as a public servant. (250 words)                20

Q9      It is a State where prohibition is in force. You are recently appointed as the Superintendent of police of a district notorious and for illicit distillation of liquor. The illicit liquor leads to many deaths, reported  and unreported, and cause a major problem for the district authorities.

It approach till now had been to view it as a law and order problem and tackle it accordingly. Raids, arrests, police cases, criminal trials- all these had only limited impact. The problems remains as serious as ever.

Your inspections show that the parts of the district where the distillation flourishes are economically and educationally backward. Agriculture is badly affected by poor irrigation facilities. Frequent clashes among communities gave boost to illicit distillation. No major initiatives had taken place in the past either from the government’s side or from social organization to improve the lot of the people.

Which new approach will you adopt to bring the problem under control ?(250 words )   20

Q 10) A big corporate house is engaged in manufacturing industrial chemicals on a large scale. It proposes to set up an additional unit. Many States rejected its proposal due to detrimental effect on the environment. But one State      government acceded to the request and permitted the unit close to a city, brushing aside all opposition.  The was set up 10 years ago and was in full swing till recently. The pollution caused by the industrial effluents was affecting the land, water and crops in the area. It was also causing serious health problems to human beings and animals. This gave rise to a serious of agitations demanding the closure of the plant. In a recent agitation thousands of people took part, creating a law and order problem necessitating stern police action. Following the public outcry, the State government ordered the closure of the factory.The closure of the factory resulted in the unemployed of not only those workers who were engaged in the factory but also those were working in the ancillary units. It also very badly affected those industries which depended on the chemicals manufactured buy it.

As a senior officer entrusted with the responsibility of handling this issue, how are you going to address it? (250 words)       20

Q 11.    Dr X is a leading medical practitioner in a city. He has set up charitable trust through which he plans to establish a super-specialty hospital in the city to cater to the medical needs of all sections of the society. Incidentally, that part of the State had been neglected over the years. The proposed hospital would be a boon for the region.

You are heading the tax investigation agency of that region. During an inspection of the doctor’s clinic, your officers have found out some major irregularities. A few of them are substantial which had resulted in considerable withholding of tax that should be paid by him now. The doctor is cooperative. He undertakes to pay the tax immediately.

However, there are certain other deficiencies in his tax compliance which are purely technical in nature. If these technical defaults are pursued by the agency, considerable time and energy of the  doctor will be diverted to issues which are not so serious, urgent or even helpful to tax collection process. Further, in all probability, it will hamper the prospects of the hospital coming up.

There are two options before you:

i) Taking a broader view, ensure substantial tax compliance and ignore defaults that are merely technical in nature.

ii) Pursue the matter strictly and proceed on all fronts, whether substantial or merely technical.

As the head of the tax agency, which course of action will you opt for and why ?   (250 words)   20

Q12  Edward Snowded, a computer expert and former CIA system administrator, released confidential Government documents to the press about the existence of Government surveillance programme. According to many legal experts and the Us Government, his actions violated the  the Espionage Act

of 1917, which identified the leak of State secrets as an act of treason. Yet, despite the fact that he broke the law, Snoden argue that he had a moral obligation to act. He gave a justification for his ‘’whistle blowing’’ by stating that he had duty ‘’to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them.’’

According to Snowden, the Government’s violation of privacy had to be exposed regardless of legality since more substantive issue action and public morality were involved here. Many agreed with Snowden. Few argued that be broke the law and compromised national security, for which he should be held accountable.

Do you agree that Snowden’s actions were ethically justified even if legally prohibited? Why or why not? Make an argument by weighing the competing values in this case. (250 words)   20