Agriculture GDP, LaNina

  • September 1, 2020
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Subject: Economy/ Geography

Context:

April-June 2020 is the third straight quarter where the country’s farm sector output has grown at a higher rate than overall GDP in “real” terms

Concept:

  • The latest quarterly estimates of GDP released by the National Statistical Office (NSO) shows that the gross value added (GVA) from agriculture, forestry & fishing grew by 3.4 per cent at constant prices in April-June 2020 over April-June 2019.
  • This was as against a 22.8 per cent year-on-year decline in overall real GVA for the quarter.
  • GVA is basically GDP net of all indirect taxes and subsidies on goods and services.
  • With the southwest monsoon rainfall being 9.8 per cent above normal during June-August and kharif acreages 8.6 per cent higher than last year – the probability of a developing ‘La Nina’ bodes well for the coming rabi crop as well – agricultural growth is set to be buoyant in the rest of the fiscal as well.

ENSO:

  • ENSO is one of the most important climate phenomena on Earth due to its ability to change the global atmospheric circulation, which in turn, influences temperature and precipitation across the globe.
  • Though ENSO is a single climate phenomenon, it has three states, or phases, it can be in.  The two opposite phases, “El Niño” and “La Niña,” require certain changes in both the ocean and the atmosphere because ENSO is a coupled climate phenomenon.
  • El Niño: A warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.  Over Indonesia, rainfall tends to become reduced while rainfall increases over the tropical Pacific Ocean.  The low-level surface winds, which normally blow from east to west along the equator (“easterly winds”), instead weaken or, in some cases, start blowing the other direction (from west to east or “westerly winds”).
  • La Niña: A cooling of the ocean surface, or below-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.  Over Indonesia, rainfall tends to increase while rainfall decreases over the central tropical Pacific Ocean.  The normal easterly winds along the equator become even stronger.

  • Neutral:  Neither El Niño or La Niña. Often tropical Pacific SSTs are generally close to average.
Agriculture GDP LaNina economy Geography