Assam­-Meghalaya panels on boundary dispute to submit reports by Dec. 31

Assam­-Meghalaya panels on boundary dispute to submit reports by Dec. 31

Subject :Geography

Section: Places in news

Context:

• The regional committees on the boundary dispute between Assam and Meghalaya have been asked to submit their reports by December 31, a Meghalaya government official said.

What is Assam-Meghalaya Border Dispute?

• Assam and Meghalaya have a longstanding dispute in 12 stretches of their 884-km shared border.
• The Assam-Meghalaya border dispute are the areas of Upper Tarabari, Gazang reserve forest, Hahim, Langpih, Borduar, Boklapara, Nongwah, Matamur, Khanapara-Pilangkata, Deshdemoreah Block I and Block II, Khanduli and Retacherra.

History:

• During British rule, undivided Assam included present-day Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Mizoram.
• Meghalaya was carved out in 1972, its boundaries demarcated as per the Assam Reorganisation (Meghalaya) Act of 1969, but has held a different interpretation of the border since.
• In 2011, the Meghalaya government had identified 12 areas of difference with Assam, spread over approximately 2,700 sq km.

Major Point of Concern:

• A major point of contention between Assam and Meghalaya is the district of Langpih in West Garo Hills bordering the Kamrup district of Assam.
• Langpih was part of the Kamrup district during the British colonial period but post-Independence, it became part of the Garo Hills and Meghalaya.
• Assam considers it to be part of the Mikir Hills in Assam.
• Meghalaya has questioned Blocks I and II of the Mikir Hills -now Karbi Anglong region – being part of Assam.
• Meghalaya says these were parts of erstwhile United Khasi and Jaintia Hills districts.

Attempts to Resolve Dispute:

• In 1985, under the Assam chief minister and Meghalaya chief minister, an official committee was constituted under the former Chief Justice of India Y V Chandrachud.
• However, a solution was not found.
• Both state governments identified six out of 12 disputed areas for resolution in the first phase.
• Out of 36.79 sq km of disputed area taken up for settlement in the first phase, Assam would get full control of 18.46 sq km and Meghalaya of 18.33 sq km.
• In March 2022, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed based on these recommendations.
• The second round of discussions for the remaining six areas commenced from the end of November 2022.

What Additional Can be done to Resolve the Dispute?

• Boundary disputes between the states can be settled by using satellite mapping of the actual border locations.
• Under Article 263 of the Constitution, the Inter-state council is expected to inquire and advise on disputes, discuss subjects common to all states and make recommendations for better policy coordination.
• Similarly, Zonal councils need to be revived to discuss the matters of common concern to states in each zone—matters relating to social and economic planning, border disputes, inter-state transport, etc.
• India is the epitome of unity in diversity. However, in order to strengthen this unity furthermore, both the centre and state governments, need to imbibe the ethos of cooperative federalism.